{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118182542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810","title":"Federated Generative Models in Medical Imaging: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions","display_name":"Federated Generative Models in Medical Imaging: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118182542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3650810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121682960","display_name":"Haroon Mahmood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haroon Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-1689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025084468","display_name":"Zareen Alamgir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-6483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zareen Alamgir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047971152","display_name":"Sobia Tariq Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-2857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sobia Tariq Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-2857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121922746","display_name":"Saira Karim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saira Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121943010","display_name":"Muhammad Awais","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-4140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121682960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03383853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"5197","last_page":"5217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5216000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5216000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.13439999520778656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-driven","display_name":"Data-driven","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7696999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227278","display_name":"Data-driven","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184408114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502022","display_name":"Generative Design","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3650810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b1670afcdca4553a6d3bfa140f3c900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b1670afcdca4553a6d3bfa140f3c900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 5197-5217 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3650810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3650810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606467544","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W2167868121","https://openalex.org/W2291593693","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2620578070","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2794825826","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2898141270","https://openalex.org/W2979448322","https://openalex.org/W2979579242","https://openalex.org/W3003650457","https://openalex.org/W3017855299","https://openalex.org/W3037666819","https://openalex.org/W3040685212","https://openalex.org/W3086039674","https://openalex.org/W3089601811","https://openalex.org/W3106805434","https://openalex.org/W3107887114","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3120506007","https://openalex.org/W3135057764","https://openalex.org/W3157242219","https://openalex.org/W3175307072","https://openalex.org/W3193908336","https://openalex.org/W3202223141","https://openalex.org/W3211185929","https://openalex.org/W4226461837","https://openalex.org/W4298352247","https://openalex.org/W4304098612","https://openalex.org/W4308637617","https://openalex.org/W4312925210","https://openalex.org/W4317436377","https://openalex.org/W4319298404","https://openalex.org/W4352977741","https://openalex.org/W4361285006","https://openalex.org/W4367835739","https://openalex.org/W4379599290","https://openalex.org/W4385484689","https://openalex.org/W4386526397","https://openalex.org/W4386954264","https://openalex.org/W4387015497","https://openalex.org/W4387164678","https://openalex.org/W4387211019","https://openalex.org/W4387490572","https://openalex.org/W4387521157","https://openalex.org/W4388048226","https://openalex.org/W4388462135","https://openalex.org/W4388561609","https://openalex.org/W4390052536","https://openalex.org/W4390571692","https://openalex.org/W4390872832","https://openalex.org/W4391100563","https://openalex.org/W4391407077","https://openalex.org/W4392173886","https://openalex.org/W4392174039","https://openalex.org/W4392397365","https://openalex.org/W4392699793","https://openalex.org/W4392932730","https://openalex.org/W4393154185","https://openalex.org/W4394900888","https://openalex.org/W4396723262","https://openalex.org/W4396742831","https://openalex.org/W4396830927","https://openalex.org/W4399526820","https://openalex.org/W4400273127","https://openalex.org/W4400351007","https://openalex.org/W4400919414","https://openalex.org/W4401023724","https://openalex.org/W4401571602","https://openalex.org/W4402006883","https://openalex.org/W4402509761","https://openalex.org/W4403069749","https://openalex.org/W4404294944","https://openalex.org/W4404399397","https://openalex.org/W4404859240","https://openalex.org/W4404861358","https://openalex.org/W4405390286","https://openalex.org/W4405475062","https://openalex.org/W4405638500","https://openalex.org/W4406014035","https://openalex.org/W4406028195","https://openalex.org/W4406260667","https://openalex.org/W4406459471","https://openalex.org/W4406612688","https://openalex.org/W4406789053","https://openalex.org/W4408284313","https://openalex.org/W4408388993","https://openalex.org/W4409593800","https://openalex.org/W4409656074","https://openalex.org/W4411867209","https://openalex.org/W4413146590","https://openalex.org/W4414381674","https://openalex.org/W4414381681","https://openalex.org/W4415399245"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74],"fusion":[1],"of":[2,76,156],"Federated":[3],"Learning":[4],"(FL)":[5],"and":[6,17,36,72,97,102,122,125,147,165,172],"deep":[7,23],"generative":[8,63,85,180],"models":[9,24,64,86,99],"is":[10],"transforming":[11],"medical":[12,67,112,159],"imaging":[13,27,113],"by":[14,50],"enabling":[15],"privacy-preserving":[16,103,179],"data-efficient":[18],"machine":[19],"learning.":[20],"Training":[21],"large-scale":[22],"on":[25],"radiological":[26],"data":[28,33,42,116,145],"remains":[29,133],"challenging":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,69,83,177],"scarcity,":[34],"heterogeneity,":[35,146],"strict":[37],"privacy":[38],"constraints":[39],"that":[40,55],"limit":[41],"sharing":[43],"across":[44],"institutions.":[45],"FL":[46],"addresses":[47],"these":[48,77],"challenges":[49,140,171],"employing":[51],"collaborative":[52],"model":[53],"training":[54],"does":[56],"not":[57],"expose":[58],"raw":[59],"patient":[60],"data,":[61],"while":[62,168],"synthesize":[65],"realistic":[66],"images":[68],"alleviate":[70],"scarcity":[71],"imbalance.":[73],"convergence":[75],"two":[78],"fields":[79],"has":[80],"given":[81],"rise":[82],"federated":[84],"(FGMs),":[87],"which":[88],"extend":[89],"Generative":[90],"Adversarial":[91],"Networks":[92],"(GANs),":[93],"Variational":[94],"Autoencoders":[95],"(VAE),":[96],"Diffusion":[98],"into":[100],"distributed":[101],"environments.":[104],"FGMs":[105,157],"have":[106],"demonstrated":[107],"significant":[108],"potential":[109],"in":[110,134,141,158,182],"various":[111],"tasks,":[114],"including":[115],"augmentation,":[117],"image":[118],"reconstruction,":[119],"cross-modality":[120],"conversion,":[121],"enhancing":[123],"classification":[124],"segmentation":[126],"models.":[127],"Despite":[128],"promising":[129],"progress,":[130],"the":[131],"field":[132],"its":[135],"early":[136],"stages,":[137],"facing":[138],"open":[139],"communication":[142],"efficiency,":[143],"scalability,":[144],"clinical":[148],"reliability.":[149],"This":[150],"survey":[151],"provides":[152],"a":[153],"comprehensive":[154],"review":[155],"imaging,":[160],"analyzing":[161],"their":[162],"architectures,":[163],"applications,":[164],"benchmark":[166],"datasets,":[167],"highlighting":[169],"key":[170],"outlining":[173],"future":[174],"research":[175],"directions":[176],"advance":[178],"modeling":[181],"healthcare.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2026-01-05T00:00:00"}
