{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409310529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752","title":"Graph Neural Networks: Architectures, Applications, and Future Directions","display_name":"Graph Neural Networks: Architectures, Applications, and Future Directions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409310529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093395021","display_name":"Valerio Ponzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2910-0273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Ponzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, Rome, RM, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2910-0273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, Rome, RM, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025323940","display_name":"Christian Napoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Napoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, Rome, RM, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-5853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, Rome, RM, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":50.2043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99838859,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"62870","last_page":"62891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.8402000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.7400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564849853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4707995653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.366026371717453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564849853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4707995653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.366026371717453}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b94dc0c43134b489d14834ca931acda","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b94dc0c43134b489d14834ca931acda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 62870-62891 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1737772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1737772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1888005072","https://openalex.org/W1979147414","https://openalex.org/W2000375074","https://openalex.org/W2013426435","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2139906443","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2166681504","https://openalex.org/W2167467982","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2287322623","https://openalex.org/W2309415944","https://openalex.org/W2528639018","https://openalex.org/W2558460151","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2579549467","https://openalex.org/W2600702321","https://openalex.org/W2624407581","https://openalex.org/W2765610314","https://openalex.org/W2781626870","https://openalex.org/W2786016794","https://openalex.org/W2788284887","https://openalex.org/W2796431263","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2809583854","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2886970679","https://openalex.org/W2888096830","https://openalex.org/W2892341857","https://openalex.org/W2901504064","https://openalex.org/W2902144127","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2910687460","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2914721378","https://openalex.org/W2925117613","https://openalex.org/W2954400197","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962950136","https://openalex.org/W2963017945","https://openalex.org/W2963165299","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W2963653811","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2970796583","https://openalex.org/W2981450816","https://openalex.org/W2988856610","https://openalex.org/W2998496395","https://openalex.org/W3014399606","https://openalex.org/W3035568641","https://openalex.org/W3039011740","https://openalex.org/W3101233295","https://openalex.org/W3107718410","https://openalex.org/W3133653953","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3173955760","https://openalex.org/W3176393519","https://openalex.org/W3183761761","https://openalex.org/W3190794503","https://openalex.org/W3195009220","https://openalex.org/W3200804773","https://openalex.org/W3208506679","https://openalex.org/W4205167309","https://openalex.org/W4205516974","https://openalex.org/W4206367183","https://openalex.org/W4214598159","https://openalex.org/W4221145430","https://openalex.org/W4229044990","https://openalex.org/W4230734561","https://openalex.org/W4307717106","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4367046771","https://openalex.org/W4380091476","https://openalex.org/W4385958045","https://openalex.org/W4386729533","https://openalex.org/W4387848654","https://openalex.org/W4388681972","https://openalex.org/W4389131658","https://openalex.org/W4392384667","https://openalex.org/W4392903991","https://openalex.org/W4395670480","https://openalex.org/W4396757552","https://openalex.org/W4400747493","https://openalex.org/W4401920449","https://openalex.org/W4402205674","https://openalex.org/W4402671774","https://openalex.org/W6635679246","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6637178625","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6690230747","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6713582119","https://openalex.org/W6719270105","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6730742100","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6748856961","https://openalex.org/W6751310286","https://openalex.org/W6758687306","https://openalex.org/W6762490134","https://openalex.org/W6767098714","https://openalex.org/W6770147432","https://openalex.org/W6774097426","https://openalex.org/W6776488958","https://openalex.org/W6780230476","https://openalex.org/W6780444311","https://openalex.org/W6785773631","https://openalex.org/W6794274047","https://openalex.org/W6797464607","https://openalex.org/W6798157537","https://openalex.org/W6803361077","https://openalex.org/W6803873758","https://openalex.org/W6841474101","https://openalex.org/W6846500256","https://openalex.org/W6856555887","https://openalex.org/W6869351643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,165],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,72],"learning":[4,48,73],"has":[5],"revolutionized":[6],"fields":[7],"such":[8,55,90,128,140,153],"as":[9,91,129,141,154],"computer":[10],"vision,":[11],"speech":[12],"recognition,":[13],"and":[14,42,76,96,116,134,137,145,162,178,200],"natural":[15],"language":[16],"processing,":[17],"primarily":[18],"through":[19],"techniques":[20],"applied":[21],"to":[22,53,74,195],"data":[23,33,56],"in":[24,57,68,204],"Euclidean":[25],"spaces.":[26],"However,":[27],"many":[28],"real":[29],"world":[30],"applications":[31],"involve":[32],"from":[34,79],"non-Euclidean":[35],"domains,":[36],"where":[37],"graphs":[38],"naturally":[39],"represent":[40,64],"entities":[41],"their":[43,113],"complex":[44],"interdependencies.":[45],"Traditional":[46],"machine":[47],"methods":[49],"have":[50,83],"often":[51],"struggled":[52],"process":[54],"an":[58],"effective":[59],"manner.":[60],"Graph":[61,107],"Neural":[62,108],"Networks":[63],"a":[65,103,189],"crucial":[66],"advance":[67],"the":[69,197],"use":[70],"of":[71,106,202],"interpret":[75],"extract":[77],"knowledge":[78],"graph-based":[80],"data.":[81,184],"They":[82],"opened":[84],"up":[85],"new":[86],"possibilities":[87],"for":[88,191],"tasks":[89],"node":[92],"categorization,":[93],"link":[94],"inference,":[95],"comprehensive":[97],"graph":[98,176],"analysis.":[99],"This":[100,148],"paper":[101,149,186],"provides":[102],"detailed":[104],"analysis":[105],"Network":[109],"(GNN)":[110],"methodologies,":[111],"emphasizing":[112],"architectural":[114],"diversity":[115],"wide":[117],"ranging":[118],"applications.":[119],"GNN":[120],"models":[121],"are":[122],"systematically":[123],"categorized":[124],"into":[125],"fundamental":[126],"frameworks":[127],"message":[130],"passing":[131],"paradigms,":[132],"spectral":[133],"spatial":[135],"methods,":[136],"advanced":[138],"extensions":[139],"hypergraph":[142],"neural":[143],"networks":[144],"multigraph":[146],"approaches.":[147],"also":[150],"explores":[151],"domains":[152],"social":[155],"network":[156],"analysis,":[157],"molecular":[158],"biology,":[159],"traffic":[160],"forecasting,":[161],"recommendation":[163],"systems.":[164],"addition,":[166],"it":[167],"emphasizes":[168],"some":[169],"critical":[170],"open":[171],"challenges,":[172],"including":[173],"scalability,":[174,198],"dynamic":[175],"modeling,":[177],"robustness":[179],"against":[180],"noisy":[181],"or":[182],"incomplete":[183],"The":[185],"concludes":[187],"with":[188],"proposal":[190],"future":[192],"research":[193],"directions":[194],"improve":[196],"interpretability,":[199],"adaptability":[201],"GNNs":[203],"this":[205],"fast-evolving":[206],"field.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-04-10T00:00:00"}
