{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401070437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532","title":"SGAK: A Robust ECC-Based Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol for Smart Grid Networks","display_name":"SGAK: A Robust ECC-Based Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol for Smart Grid Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401070437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083739390","display_name":"Akber Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-8864"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akber Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-8864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035405247","display_name":"Vinod Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-1100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinod Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Shyam Lal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-1100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Shyam Lal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076149873","display_name":"Ramakant Prasad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44635919","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/032twef21","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I44635919"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakant Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44635919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008855137","display_name":"M. Javed Idrisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-6780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267325792","display_name":"Mizan Tepi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bs4te22","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267325792"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Javed Idrisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-6780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I267325792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083739390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9355578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"195745","last_page":"195759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8071155548095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-agreement-protocol","display_name":"Key-agreement protocol","score":0.7220772504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.6141899228096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authenticated-key-exchange","display_name":"Authenticated Key Exchange","score":0.5671976804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.5134216547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5047775506973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-secrecy","display_name":"Forward secrecy","score":0.4737480580806732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4722920060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4650754928588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4620119631290436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.4567003548145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45005062222480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.44297415018081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.44249746203422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43486860394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-composability","display_name":"Universal composability","score":0.4226270318031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.4109100103378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.38557639718055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38481396436691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3582438826560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.27269211411476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.12159338593482971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8071155548095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135530808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306713","display_name":"Key-agreement protocol","level":5,"score":0.7220772504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.6141899228096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777572472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825878","display_name":"Authenticated Key Exchange","level":5,"score":0.5671976804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.5134216547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5047775506973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.4737480580806732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4722920060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4650754928588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4620119631290436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.4567003548145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45005062222480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.44297415018081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.44249746203422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43486860394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165751822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894118","display_name":"Universal composability","level":4,"score":0.4226270318031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.4109100103378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.38557639718055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38481396436691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3582438826560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.27269211411476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.12159338593482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:193a554fab744ca5b091cfc22d67fe20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/193a554fab744ca5b091cfc22d67fe20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 195745-195759 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898035851","https://openalex.org/W1971884826","https://openalex.org/W1982944729","https://openalex.org/W1984365546","https://openalex.org/W1993087005","https://openalex.org/W2014538398","https://openalex.org/W2026130590","https://openalex.org/W2028435862","https://openalex.org/W2029796686","https://openalex.org/W2041994052","https://openalex.org/W2045753175","https://openalex.org/W2066175361","https://openalex.org/W2105114022","https://openalex.org/W2114440979","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2122941544","https://openalex.org/W2126668795","https://openalex.org/W2138862371","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2279729589","https://openalex.org/W2293470678","https://openalex.org/W2426209670","https://openalex.org/W2517336287","https://openalex.org/W2613554997","https://openalex.org/W2739692078","https://openalex.org/W2770141764","https://openalex.org/W2789827290","https://openalex.org/W2797008633","https://openalex.org/W2805592916","https://openalex.org/W2811057571","https://openalex.org/W2896736287","https://openalex.org/W2916451158","https://openalex.org/W2942880513","https://openalex.org/W2971677198","https://openalex.org/W3039814348","https://openalex.org/W3044930678","https://openalex.org/W4240922739","https://openalex.org/W4284890483","https://openalex.org/W4286359159","https://openalex.org/W4313463441","https://openalex.org/W4391069968","https://openalex.org/W4396920274","https://openalex.org/W4397293535","https://openalex.org/W4399796111","https://openalex.org/W6711845211","https://openalex.org/W6779173596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087299051","https://openalex.org/W2365271468","https://openalex.org/W2039432955","https://openalex.org/W1986771771","https://openalex.org/W2042088760","https://openalex.org/W2765230799","https://openalex.org/W3208320378","https://openalex.org/W2163876022","https://openalex.org/W2614827718","https://openalex.org/W1546910565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,165],"smart":[1],"grid":[2],"(SG),":[3],"sometimes":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,15,17],"an":[7,61,126],"electric":[8],"grid,":[9],"is":[10,50,175,210,217],"a":[11,51,55,64,96,132],"very":[12],"reliable,":[13],"efficient,":[14],"well":[16],"secure":[18,44,74],"method":[19],"of":[20,38,66,79,136,150,156,170,192,215,229,233,240],"delivering":[21],"data":[22],"on":[23,141],"particular":[24],"participants.":[25,59],"Researchers":[26],"and":[27,85,100,115,153,172,185,204],"the":[28,77,137,142,151,157,190,193,230,238,241],"power":[29],"industry":[30],"are":[31],"becoming":[32],"increasingly":[33],"interested":[34],"in":[35,46,120,168,178],"SG":[36,47,62,89,104,121,246],"because":[37],"its":[39],"varied":[40],"responsibilities.":[41],"To":[42],"achieve":[43],"communication":[45,173,205,216],"environment,":[48,63],"there":[49],"need":[52],"to":[53,125,225],"establish":[54],"key":[56,67,98,186],"exchange":[57,68],"between":[58,118],"In":[60,91,123],"number":[65],"techniques":[69],"have":[70],"been":[71],"developed":[72],"for":[73,88,103,244],"communication.":[75,90],"Nevertheless,":[76],"most":[78],"them":[80],"do":[81],"not":[82],"offer":[83,131],"anonymity":[84,114],"function":[86],"inadequately":[87],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"we":[94,130,147],"propose":[95],"robus":[97],"exchanged":[99,187],"authentication":[101,117,184],"protocol":[102,112,139,159,197,243],"environment":[105],"using":[106],"elliptic":[107],"curve":[108],"cryptography.":[109],"The":[110,207],"proposed":[111,138,158,194],"provides":[113],"mutual":[116],"participants":[119],"environment.":[122],"addition":[124],"informal":[127],"security":[128,134,152,200],"analysis,":[129],"formal":[133],"analysis":[135,167],"based":[140,163],"random":[143],"oracle":[144],"model.":[145],"Further,":[146],"provide":[148],"comparison":[149,179],"functionality":[154],"features":[155],"with":[160,180,201],"existing":[161,181],"ECC":[162],"protocols.":[164],"performance":[166],"terms":[169],"computational":[171,203,208],"costs":[174],"carried":[176],"out":[177],"dozen":[182],"advanced":[183],"protocols,":[188],"showing":[189],"superiority":[191],"protocol.":[195],"Our":[196],"achieves":[198],"high":[199],"minimum":[202],"costs.":[206],"cost":[209,214],"reduced":[211,218,224],"\u2248":[212,219,226],"79.64%,":[213],"71.54%,":[220],"while":[221],"energy":[222],"consumption":[223],"79.65%":[227],"respectively":[228],"mean":[231],"value":[232],"all":[234],"alternatives,":[235],"thus":[236],"proving":[237],"robustness":[239],"presented":[242],"securing":[245],"communications.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
