{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392908595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379011","title":"Performance Analysis of BLE-5.1 Angle of Arrival Estimation Using Embedded Radiation Patterns on a 3 \u00d7 3 Uniform Rectangular Array","display_name":"Performance Analysis of BLE-5.1 Angle of Arrival Estimation Using Embedded Radiation Patterns on a 3 \u00d7 3 Uniform Rectangular Array","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392908595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10474400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10474400.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034148419","display_name":"Ottavio Crisafulli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0797-7009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ottavio Crisafulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","DIIES, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0797-7009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIIES, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083382108","display_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Ivan Piazzese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Ivan Piazzese","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035678606","display_name":"Santi C. Pavone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-4623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santi Concetto Pavone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-4623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008572593","display_name":"Giuseppe Giammello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Giammello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-3451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094180033","display_name":"Giovanni Galvagna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Galvagna","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094180034","display_name":"Salvatore Pitrulli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Pitrulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058628678","display_name":"Andrea Francesco Morabito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-6238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Francesco Morabito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","DIIES, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-6238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIIES, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034800847","display_name":"Loreto Di Donato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-0223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loreto Di Donato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-0223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094180035","display_name":"Michele Sardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Sardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051413575","display_name":"Gino Sorbello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-3486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gino Sorbello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-3486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Research Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034148419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I59725666"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62816095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"42572","last_page":"42584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.6208207607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6115292310714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.5125720500946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4138752520084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3295442461967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2536165118217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21065816283226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09641286730766296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6208207607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6115292310714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.5125720500946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4138752520084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3295442461967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2536165118217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21065816283226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09641286730766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10474400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c04731cc9a48427db9dd7034b750ee68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c04731cc9a48427db9dd7034b750ee68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 42572-42584 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10474400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964572213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECS00000022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8893660128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392908595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392908595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967321678","https://openalex.org/W1989261702","https://openalex.org/W2036962913","https://openalex.org/W2092856884","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2128439740","https://openalex.org/W2131115426","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2597051817","https://openalex.org/W2778094290","https://openalex.org/W2789753966","https://openalex.org/W2899501937","https://openalex.org/W2923556434","https://openalex.org/W2962979026","https://openalex.org/W2983410381","https://openalex.org/W3004844619","https://openalex.org/W3011574019","https://openalex.org/W3091349792","https://openalex.org/W3092020205","https://openalex.org/W3214191393","https://openalex.org/W4200410057","https://openalex.org/W4220869170","https://openalex.org/W4225896317","https://openalex.org/W4322627630","https://openalex.org/W4378842101","https://openalex.org/W6695750744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2545735024","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,161],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,63,73,88,92,124,126,175,205,234],"new":[3,17,142],"Direction":[4,125],"finding":[5],"(DF)":[6],"features":[7,56],"in":[8,86,130,183],"Bluetooth":[9],"Low":[10],"Energy":[11],"(BLE)":[12],"5.1,":[13],"has":[14,50,114],"brought":[15],"about":[16],"hardware":[18],"design":[19],"requirements":[20,24],"for":[21,65,75,210,220,242],"locators.":[22],"These":[23],"include":[25],"the":[26,89,93,122,134,168,173,176,203,226,232],"ability":[27],"to":[28,95,159,171],"support":[29],"accurate":[30],"and":[31,69,102,155,185,200,215,237],"fast":[32],"direction-finding":[33],"algorithms":[34,217],"while":[35],"maintaining":[36],"compactness.":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"these":[40],"needs,":[41],"a":[42,57,66,70,76,97,141,221,243],"uniform":[43],"rectangular":[44],"antenna":[45,55,80,100,109],"array":[46,81,108],"with":[47,140],"octagonal":[48],"patches":[49],"been":[51,84,115],"chosen.":[52],"single":[54,244],"Circular":[58],"Polarized":[59],"(CP)":[60],"Bandwidth":[61],"(BW)":[62],"3.1%":[64],"6-dB":[67],"threshold":[68],"CP":[71],"BW":[72],"1.59%":[74],"3-dB":[77],"threshold.":[78],"Different":[79],"configurations":[82],"have":[83],"compared":[85],"terms":[87],"inter-element":[90],"distance":[91],"radiators":[94],"find":[96],"balance":[98],"between":[99],"miniaturization":[101],"accuracy.":[103],"From":[104],"this":[105,118],"analysis,":[106],"an":[107],"prototype":[110],"(i.e.,":[111],"locator":[112],"BLE)":[113],"manufactured.":[116],"In":[117],"paper,":[119],"we":[120],"analyze":[121],"performance":[123,169],"Arrival":[127],"(DoA)":[128],"estimation":[129],"BLE":[131],"by":[132],"comparing":[133],"Conventional":[135],"Steering":[136],"Vector":[137],"(CSV)":[138],"approach":[139],"Embedded":[143],"Radiation":[144],"Pattern":[145],"(ERP)":[146],"approach,":[147],"which":[148],"takes":[149],"into":[150],"account":[151],"mutual":[152],"coupling":[153],"effects":[154],"gain":[156],"loss":[157],"due":[158],"miniaturization.":[160],"Mean":[162],"Absolute":[163],"Error":[164],"(MAE)":[165],"served":[166],"as":[167],"metric":[170],"assess":[172],"accuracy":[174,195,227],"main":[177],"DoA":[178],"detection.":[179],"ERP":[180,192],"outperforms":[181],"CSV,":[182],"no-loss":[184],"multi-path":[186],"scenarios.":[187],"Numerical":[188],"simulations":[189],"show":[190],"that":[191,219],"offers":[193],"higher":[194],"(lower":[196],"MAE":[197],"over":[198],"\u03b8":[199],"\u03d5)":[201],"when":[202],"number":[204,233],"snapshots":[206,235],"increases.":[207],"Performance":[208],"evaluation":[209],"MUltiple":[211],"SIgnal":[212],"Classification":[213],"(MUSIC)":[214],"Bartlett":[216],"highlights":[218],"SNR":[222],">":[223],"20":[224],"dB,":[225],"does":[228],"not":[229],"depend":[230],"on":[231],"used,":[236],"faster":[238],"computation":[239],"is":[240],"achieved":[241],"snapshot.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2024-03-19T00:00:00"}