{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391407069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360483","title":"MaxMViT-MLP: Multiaxis and Multiscale Vision Transformers Fusion Network for Speech Emotion Recognition","display_name":"MaxMViT-MLP: Multiaxis and Multiscale Vision Transformers Fusion Network for Speech Emotion Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391407069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418124.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012075531","display_name":"Kah Liang Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-0067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Liang Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-0067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086127398","display_name":"Chin Poo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-8977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin Poo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-8977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062260573","display_name":"Heng Siong Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-6345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Siong Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-6345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017532046","display_name":"Kian Ming Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-7978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kian Ming Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-7978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010388353","display_name":"Ali Alqahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alqahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-2657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.5966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98354184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"18237","last_page":"18250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.8743698000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7785896062850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.677611768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.6587575674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.629338264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5961748957633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5490541458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5372934341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.506255567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4126422703266144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4075203537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.35075730085372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12765058875083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.11603868007659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0732429027557373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.8743698000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7785896062850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.677611768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.6587575674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.629338264465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5961748957633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5490541458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5372934341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.506255567073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4126422703266144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4075203537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.35075730085372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12765058875083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.11603868007659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0732429027557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:12165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e2818d62cd948ab8696458acb1890a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e2818d62cd948ab8696458acb1890a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 18237-18250 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360483","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5173476569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDTC/221064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326578","funder_display_name":"Telekom Malaysia Berhad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5748628218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDTC/231075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326578","funder_display_name":"Telekom Malaysia Berhad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7082735178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP2/332/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8481798901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP2/332/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326578","display_name":"Telekom Malaysia Berhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3fdw25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391407069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391407069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175750906","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2973049979","https://openalex.org/W2979476256","https://openalex.org/W3041561163","https://openalex.org/W3095435288","https://openalex.org/W3145643603","https://openalex.org/W3148040514","https://openalex.org/W3157935640","https://openalex.org/W3198858531","https://openalex.org/W3199176154","https://openalex.org/W3210714942","https://openalex.org/W3217072367","https://openalex.org/W4205567678","https://openalex.org/W4214614183","https://openalex.org/W4226153164","https://openalex.org/W4285112472","https://openalex.org/W4285319295","https://openalex.org/W4293833005","https://openalex.org/W4306938603","https://openalex.org/W4309564859","https://openalex.org/W4312769131","https://openalex.org/W4312776009","https://openalex.org/W4312847199","https://openalex.org/W4360856918","https://openalex.org/W4362579608","https://openalex.org/W4378191676","https://openalex.org/W4379033883","https://openalex.org/W4379203891","https://openalex.org/W6769196770","https://openalex.org/W6796931752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120540196","https://openalex.org/W3095343173","https://openalex.org/W2381036744","https://openalex.org/W2288135719","https://openalex.org/W2323749021","https://openalex.org/W2533590149","https://openalex.org/W2901989338","https://openalex.org/W200102888","https://openalex.org/W82005754","https://openalex.org/W2334448276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision":[0,31,38,151],"Transformers,":[1],"known":[2],"for":[3,98],"their":[4],"innovative":[5],"architectural":[6],"design":[7],"and":[8,34,52,90,108,135,150],"modeling":[9],"capabilities,":[10],"have":[11],"gained":[12],"significant":[13],"attention":[14],"in":[15,153],"computer":[16],"vision.":[17],"This":[18,101],"paper":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21,93],"dual-path":[22],"approach":[23],"that":[24],"leverages":[25],"the":[26,29,35,67,71,76,84,106,128,132,138,142],"strengths":[27],"of":[28,125,144],"Multi-Axis":[30],"Transformer":[32,39],"(MaxViT)":[33],"Improved":[36],"Multiscale":[37],"(MViTv2).":[40],"It":[41],"starts":[42],"by":[43],"encoding":[44],"speech":[45,154],"signals":[46],"into":[47,66,92],"Constant-Q":[48],"Transform":[49,58],"(CQT)":[50],"spectrograms":[51],"Mel":[53],"Spectrograms":[54],"with":[55,112,122],"Short-Time":[56],"Fourier":[57],"(Mel-STFT).":[59],"The":[60,116],"CQT":[61],"spectrogram":[62],"is":[63,73,104],"then":[64],"fed":[65],"MaxViT":[68],"model,":[69],"while":[70],"Mel-STFT":[72],"input":[74],"to":[75,79],"MViTv2":[77,109],"model":[78,97,103,118],"extract":[80],"informative":[81],"features":[82,87],"from":[83],"spectrograms.":[85],"These":[86],"are":[88],"integrated":[89],"passed":[91],"Multilayer":[94,113],"Perceptron":[95,114],"(MLP)":[96],"final":[99],"classification.":[100],"hybrid":[102],"named":[105],"\u201cMaxViT":[107],"Fusion":[110],"Network":[111],"(MaxMViT-MLP).\u201d":[115],"MaxMViT-MLP":[117],"achieves":[119],"remarkable":[120],"results":[121],"an":[123],"accuracy":[124],"95.28%":[126],"on":[127,131,137],"Emo-DB,":[129],"89.12%":[130],"RAVDESS":[133],"dataset,":[134,140],"68.39%":[136],"IEMOCAP":[139],"substantiating":[141],"advantages":[143],"integrating":[145],"multiple":[146],"audio":[147],"feature":[148],"representations":[149],"Transformers":[152],"emotion":[155],"recognition.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}