{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386917647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176","title":"Modified Equilibrium Optimization Algorithm With Deep Learning-Based DDoS Attack Classification in 5G Networks","display_name":"Modified Equilibrium Optimization Algorithm With Deep Learning-Based DDoS Attack Classification in 5G Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386917647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3318176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025820678","display_name":"Mohammed Aljebreen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Aljebreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000166233","display_name":"Fatma S. Alrayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma S. Alrayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-8526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030631880","display_name":"Mohammed Maray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-2945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Maray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004658615","display_name":"Sumayh S. Aljameel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumayh S. Aljameel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024079346","display_name":"Ahmed S. Salama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Salama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068423119","display_name":"Abdelwahed Motwakel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelwahed Motwakel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Business Administration in Hawtat Bani Tamim, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Business Administration in Hawtat Bani Tamim, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94203099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"108561","last_page":"108570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8067499399185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7547813653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4497810900211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44039639830589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4301108717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.09301269054412842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8067499399185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7547813653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4497810900211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44039639830589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4301108717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.09301269054412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3318176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd14ca75df7546f397a81fc2914a6721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd14ca75df7546f397a81fc2914a6721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 108561-108570 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3318176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3318176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7676082169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(RGP2/ 235 /44)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7890090048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2022R319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324706","display_name":"Saudi Aramco","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypap427"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963197901","https://openalex.org/W3010846265","https://openalex.org/W3133516607","https://openalex.org/W3164987805","https://openalex.org/W3172076356","https://openalex.org/W3191493850","https://openalex.org/W3216341310","https://openalex.org/W4206395738","https://openalex.org/W4220985823","https://openalex.org/W4223479306","https://openalex.org/W4225114726","https://openalex.org/W4280556527","https://openalex.org/W4282833753","https://openalex.org/W4285813750","https://openalex.org/W4290739294","https://openalex.org/W4297903287","https://openalex.org/W4303980519","https://openalex.org/W4307273478","https://openalex.org/W4308424950","https://openalex.org/W4312058654","https://openalex.org/W4312760756","https://openalex.org/W4313516700","https://openalex.org/W4319791240","https://openalex.org/W4321368124","https://openalex.org/W4321493718","https://openalex.org/W4322770678","https://openalex.org/W4323646088","https://openalex.org/W4361800204","https://openalex.org/W4366773306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W2773120646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"5G":[0,10,44,104,121],"networks":[1,11,45],"offer":[2],"high-speed,":[3],"low-latency":[4],"communication":[5,60],"for":[6,76,159],"various":[7],"applications.":[8],"As":[9],"introduce":[12],"new":[13],"capabilities":[14],"and":[15,55,68,135,187,210],"support":[16],"a":[17,47,89,127,207],"wide":[18],"range":[19],"of":[20,30,35,50,57,108,116,162,177,183,194,200,216,227],"services,":[21],"they":[22],"also":[23],"become":[24],"more":[25],"vulnerable":[26],"to":[27,173],"different":[28],"kinds":[29],"cyberattacks,":[31],"particularly":[32],"Distributed":[33],"Denial":[34],"Service":[36],"(DDoS)":[37],"attacks.":[38,164],"Effective":[39],"DDoS":[40,79,98,117,163],"attack":[41,80],"classification":[42,115,161],"in":[43,103,119],"is":[46,112,171,204],"critical":[48],"aspect":[49],"ensuring":[51],"the":[52,109,113,120,139,149,153,160,166,175,178,192,195,201,211,214,217,221],"security,":[53],"availability,":[54],"performance":[56],"these":[58],"advanced":[59],"infrastructures.":[61],"In":[62,83],"recent":[63],"days,":[64],"machine":[65],"learning":[66,70],"(ML)":[67],"deep":[69],"(DL)":[71],"models":[72],"can":[73],"be":[74],"employed":[75],"an":[77],"accurate":[78],"detection":[81],"process.":[82],"this":[84,86],"aspect,":[85],"study":[87],"designs":[88],"Modified":[90],"Equilibrium":[91],"Optimization":[92],"Algorithm":[93],"with":[94,224],"Deep":[95],"Learning":[96],"based":[97,144],"Attack":[99],"Classification":[100],"(MEOADL-ADC)":[101],"method":[102,203],"networks.":[105],"The":[106,123,181,197],"goal":[107],"MEOADL-ADC":[110,124,140,150,202,218],"technique":[111,125,141,151],"automated":[114],"attacks":[118],"network.":[122],"follows":[126],"three-stage":[128],"process":[129],"such":[130],"as":[131],"feature":[132,145,185],"selection,":[133],"classification,":[134],"hyperparameter":[136,176,189],"tuning.":[137],"Primarily,":[138],"employs":[142],"MEOA":[143],"selection":[146,186],"approach.":[147],"Next,":[148],"utilizes":[152],"long":[154],"short-term":[155],"memory":[156],"(LSTM)":[157],"model":[158],"Finally,":[165],"tunicate":[167],"swarm":[168],"algorithm":[169,219],"(TSA)":[170],"exploited":[172],"adjust":[174],"LSTM":[179],"model.":[180],"design":[182],"MEOA-based":[184],"TSA-based":[188],"tuning":[190],"shows":[191],"novelty":[193],"work.":[196],"experimental":[198],"outcome":[199],"tested":[205],"on":[206],"benchmark":[208],"dataset,":[209],"outcomes":[212],"indicate":[213],"betterment":[215],"over":[220],"current":[222],"methods":[223],"maximum":[225],"accuracy":[226],"97.60%.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
