{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293499219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202639","title":"FormulaNet: A Benchmark Dataset for Mathematical Formula Detection","display_name":"FormulaNet: A Benchmark Dataset for Mathematical Formula Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293499219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202639","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101604340","display_name":"Felix Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111868","display_name":"Zurich University of Teacher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01awgk221","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix M. Schmitt-Koopmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","UZH People and Computing Lab, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-5116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UZH People and Computing Lab, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056702913","display_name":"Elaine M. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-5108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine M. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["People and Computing Laboratory, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-5108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People and Computing Laboratory, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089240228","display_name":"Hans\u2010Peter Hutter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Peter Hutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021570324","display_name":"Thilo Stadelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137980","display_name":"European Centre for Living Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kesq777","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137980"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thilo Stadelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","ECLT European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-0420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECLT European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070751563","display_name":"Alireza Darvishy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-5206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Darvishy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-5206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Information Technology, ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2143,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78954166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"91588","last_page":"91596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9072999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8332485556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885596752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7672866582870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7091131210327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6536197662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5854495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4812885820865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42268800735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4059969186782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.394405722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3460892140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1565459966659546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8332485556602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885596752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7672866582870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7091131210327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6536197662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5854495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4812885820865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42268800735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4059969186782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.394405722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3460892140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1565459966659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202639","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/25554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11475/25554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401811","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d2b99a6fd6843369aa7f2aa9e7bebec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d2b99a6fd6843369aa7f2aa9e7bebec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 91588-91596 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3202639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3202639","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09869643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8345954954","display_name":"Accessible Scientific PDFs for All","funder_award_id":"194677","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293499219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293499219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031071334","https://openalex.org/W2139186315","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2795705148","https://openalex.org/W2884916014","https://openalex.org/W2915774443","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W3003711898","https://openalex.org/W3004040469","https://openalex.org/W3004643255","https://openalex.org/W3113753692","https://openalex.org/W3186758410","https://openalex.org/W3197055326","https://openalex.org/W4206518497","https://openalex.org/W4288325606","https://openalex.org/W6760195326","https://openalex.org/W6764322716","https://openalex.org/W6779586474","https://openalex.org/W6799290062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"unsolved":[1],"sub-task":[2],"of":[3,63,130,147],"document":[4],"analysis":[5],"is":[6,36,92,134],"mathematical":[7,153],"formula":[8,26,99,122],"detection":[9,113,123],"(MFD).":[10],"Research":[11],"by":[12],"ourselves":[13],"and":[14,24,30,75,110,142],"others":[15],"has":[16],"shown":[17],"that":[18,90],"existing":[19,115],"MFD":[20,52,95,140],"datasets":[21,42],"with":[22,43,97,127],"inline":[23,98,109],"display":[25,111],"labels":[27],"are":[28],"small":[29],"have":[31,56],"insufficient":[32],"labeling":[33,46,73,106],"quality.":[34],"There":[35],"therefore":[37],"an":[38,71,128],"urgent":[39],"need":[40],"for":[41,47,108,125,158],"better":[44],"quality":[45,107],"future":[48],"research":[49],"in":[50,81,156],"the":[51,61,64,93,139,145],"field,":[53],"as":[54,151],"they":[55],"a":[57,76,120],"high":[58],"impact":[59],"on":[60,67],"performance":[62],"models":[65],"trained":[66],"them.":[68],"We":[69],"present":[70],"advanced":[72],"pipeline":[74],"new":[77,148],"dataset":[78,96,133],"called":[79],"FormulaNet":[80,91,126],"this":[82],"paper.":[83],"At":[84],"over":[85,114],"45k":[86],"pages,":[87],"we":[88,118],"believe":[89],"largest":[94],"labels.":[100],"Our":[101,132],"experiments":[102],"demonstrate":[103],"substantially":[104],"improved":[105],"formulae":[112,154],"datasets.":[116],"Additionally,":[117],"provide":[119],"math":[121],"baseline":[124],"mAP":[129],"0.754.":[131],"intended":[135],"to":[136],"help":[137],"address":[138],"task":[141],"may":[143],"enable":[144],"development":[146],"applications,":[149],"such":[150],"making":[152],"accessible":[155],"PDFs":[157],"visually":[159],"impaired":[160],"screen":[161],"reader":[162],"users.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
