{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171723066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","title":"Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters","display_name":"Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171723066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","mag":"3171723066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085451890","display_name":"Iulia Andreea Mocanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-3047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iulia Andreea Mocanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecomunications Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-3047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecomunications Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085451890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78684369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"86119","last_page":"86131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-band-device","display_name":"Multi-band device","score":0.6591752767562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.5546026229858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5437745451927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip","display_name":"Microstrip","score":0.54278165102005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-coupler","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","score":0.5248817801475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"Return loss","score":0.5197386741638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line","display_name":"Transmission line","score":0.4830761253833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.471633642911911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.4648403525352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.45998069643974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.41193029284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4037835896015167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3560941219329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23369869589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2191927134990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21035173535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15404677391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12997958064079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.113374263048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08166474103927612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134546842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756885","display_name":"Multi-band device","level":3,"score":0.6591752767562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.5546026229858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5437745451927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.54278165102005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80185135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","level":3,"score":0.5248817801475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196901423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933836","display_name":"Return loss","level":3,"score":0.5197386741638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.4830761253833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.471633642911911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.4648403525352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.45998069643974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.41193029284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4037835896015167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3560941219329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23369869589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2191927134990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21035173535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15404677391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12997958064079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.113374263048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08166474103927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fac58ee10404b188d0e180b948d883f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fac58ee10404b188d0e180b948d883f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 86119-86131 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3089600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3089600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534284266","https://openalex.org/W1576563986","https://openalex.org/W1815546337","https://openalex.org/W1974749708","https://openalex.org/W2046875805","https://openalex.org/W2083982320","https://openalex.org/W2100214760","https://openalex.org/W2116798978","https://openalex.org/W2119449905","https://openalex.org/W2130255774","https://openalex.org/W2145793262","https://openalex.org/W2161945183","https://openalex.org/W2165075489","https://openalex.org/W2328253862","https://openalex.org/W2608562718","https://openalex.org/W2920629199","https://openalex.org/W2966839250","https://openalex.org/W2981894828","https://openalex.org/W3007863495","https://openalex.org/W3106202532","https://openalex.org/W3151865449","https://openalex.org/W4245603353","https://openalex.org/W6632048241","https://openalex.org/W6634330017","https://openalex.org/W6638452900","https://openalex.org/W6664454852","https://openalex.org/W6678062276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161945183","https://openalex.org/W2382532184","https://openalex.org/W4243318371","https://openalex.org/W1995492092","https://openalex.org/W2055176979","https://openalex.org/W2011132542","https://openalex.org/W2811300416","https://openalex.org/W2348859175","https://openalex.org/W2031949102","https://openalex.org/W2051855946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,62],"compact":[1],"3-dB":[2,129],"dual":[3,28,44],"band":[4,45],"ring":[5,46],"coupler":[6,13,47,130,162],"is":[7,48,65,131,163,220],"designed,":[8],"fabricated":[9],"and":[10,26,58,71,86,98,101,106,136,149,191,202,227],"tested.":[11],"The":[12,30,128,156,173,213],"consists":[14],"of":[15,33,42,89,109,118,122,159],"three":[16],"identical":[17],"miniaturized":[18],"Left-Handed":[19],"(LH)":[20],"impedance":[21],"inverter":[22],"transmission":[23,125],"lines":[24],"(TLs)":[25],"a":[27,43,78,166],"one.":[29],"general":[31,120],"principle":[32,121],"using":[34,123,137],"LH":[35,124],"TLs'":[36],"duality":[37,69],"to":[38,76],"reduce":[39],"the":[40,53,59,68,72,83,87,107,116,119,160,181,188,200,217,225],"size":[41,79],"explained":[49],"in":[50,133,177,209],"detail,":[51],"showing":[52],"equivalent":[54],"lumped":[55,139],"element":[56],"circuits":[57],"designing":[60],"relations.":[61],"numerical":[63],"example":[64],"considered":[66],"for":[67,81,165,184],"analysis":[70],"results":[73,108,175],"are":[74,104,176,230],"used":[75],"obtain":[77],"reduction":[80],"both":[82,185,210],"coupler's":[84],"dimensions":[85],"number":[88],"utilized":[90],"components.":[91,140],"Other":[92],"arbitrary":[93,145],"coupling":[94,203],"levels":[95],"(1":[96],"dB":[97,208],"5":[99],"dB)":[100],"frequency":[102,211],"ratios":[103],"investigated":[105],"simulations":[110],"show":[111],"very":[112],"good":[113,178],"results,":[114],"proving":[115],"validity":[117],"line's":[126],"duality.":[127],"implemented":[132],"microstrip":[134],"technology":[135],"high-quality":[138],"It":[141],"works":[142],"at":[143,170,205,216],"two":[144],"frequencies,":[146,186],"1.1":[147,171],"GHz":[148],"2.5":[150],"GHz,":[151],"respectively":[152],"with":[153,180],"similar":[154],"performances.":[155],"overall":[157],"dimension":[158],"proposed":[161],"0.07\u03bb\u00d70.07\u03bb":[164],"wavelength,":[167],"\u03bb":[168],"computed":[169],"GHz.":[172],"measured":[174],"agreement":[179],"predicted":[182],"ones":[183],"having":[187],"return":[189],"loss":[190,193],"isolation":[192],"better":[194],"than":[195,222],"33":[196],"dB,":[197],"whereas":[198],"keeping":[199],"insertion":[201],"losses":[204],"around":[206],"3.5":[207],"bands.":[212],"phase":[214],"imbalance":[215],"output":[218],"ports":[219,229],"less":[221],"1.5\u00b0,":[223],"when":[224],"difference":[226],"sum":[228],"excited.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}