{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149717133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","title":"Vehicle Detection in Congested Traffic Based on Simplified Weighted Dual-Path Feature Pyramid Network With Guided Anchoring","display_name":"Vehicle Detection in Congested Traffic Based on Simplified Weighted Dual-Path Feature Pyramid Network With Guided Anchoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149717133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","mag":"3149717133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109911809","display_name":"Jingqing Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingqing Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-0174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024998850","display_name":"Husheng Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Husheng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056491821","display_name":"Faming Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-2990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faming Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-2990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780846","display_name":"Cong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-2664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067728184","display_name":"Fanjie Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2167-021X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanjie Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Test and Launch Aerospace Engineering, University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Test and Launch Aerospace Engineering, University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5433,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62216702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"53219","last_page":"53231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8335915803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7825037837028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5149770379066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5149553418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5110651254653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43070802092552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42217424511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4198077619075775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33643752336502075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8335915803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7825037837028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5149770379066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5149553418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5110651254653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43070802092552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42217424511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4198077619075775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33643752336502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6de46be7a7d5486ea1f5ac7378e2078d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6de46be7a7d5486ea1f5ac7378e2078d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 53219-53231 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6194924180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0802900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8264108994","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8egabor\u57fa\u548c\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u901a\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u5377\u79ef\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2056614917","https://openalex.org/W2069675444","https://openalex.org/W2089709686","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2141109091","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2250384498","https://openalex.org/W2270693433","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2766875854","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2801303340","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2810862788","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2886335102","https://openalex.org/W2919762183","https://openalex.org/W2935837427","https://openalex.org/W2949858991","https://openalex.org/W2950418233","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963179609","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963681621","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964121718","https://openalex.org/W2964207024","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2971900262","https://openalex.org/W2991089415","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3003490096","https://openalex.org/W3011722050","https://openalex.org/W3033912416","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4254820129","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6694138392","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6752745451","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6767248091","https://openalex.org/W6771062828","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W2765338038","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W1496225612","https://openalex.org/W4206776094","https://openalex.org/W1996690921","https://openalex.org/W3154920669","https://openalex.org/W3121197456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,194],"modern":[1],"life,":[2],"traffic":[3,43,164],"congestion":[4],"is":[5,37,86,121,148,172],"widespread":[6],"in":[7,12,26,34,59,102,162],"large":[8],"and":[9,21,47,97,129,166,201],"medium-sized":[10],"cities":[11],"various":[13],"countries.":[14],"Multi-scale":[15],"vehicle":[16,75,160],"targets":[17],"are":[18,178,208],"densely":[19],"distributed":[20],"occluded":[22,99],"from":[23],"each":[24],"other":[25,219],"the":[27,56,90,93,106,117,133,138,152,156,167,186,212,215],"images":[28],"of":[29,38,92,114,126,140,159,188,204,214],"crowded":[30],"scenes.":[31],"Vehicle":[32],"detection":[33,107,161],"such":[35],"scenarios":[36,165],"great":[39,53],"significance":[40],"to":[41,72,88,104,123,132,150,183,210],"urban":[42],"control,":[44],"safety":[45],"management":[46],"criminal":[48],"investigation,":[49],"but":[50],"also":[51],"has":[52],"challenges.":[54],"Facing":[55],"special":[57],"application":[58],"congested":[60],"traffic,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"Simplified":[64],"Weighted":[65],"Dual-path":[66,81],"Network":[67,84],"with":[68,111],"Guided":[69,118],"Anchoring":[70,119],"framework":[71],"realize":[73],"real-time":[74,163],"detection.":[76],"Firstly,":[77],"a":[78],"simplified":[79],"weighted":[80],"Feature":[82],"Pyramid":[83],"(SWD-FPN)":[85],"used":[87],"improve":[89,105],"robustness":[91],"model":[94],"for":[95,109,137,174],"multi-scale":[96],"partially":[98],"objects.":[100],"Secondly,":[101],"order":[103],"capability":[108],"vehicles":[110,141],"wide":[112],"range":[113],"scale":[115],"changes,":[116],"(GA)":[120],"applied":[122],"generate":[124],"anchors":[125],"corresponding":[127],"positions":[128],"scales":[130],"according":[131],"feature":[134],"maps.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"challenge":[139],"intensive":[142],"distribution,":[143],"DIoU-soft":[144],"NMS":[145],"post-processing":[146],"mechanism":[147],"introduced":[149],"reduce":[151],"missing":[153],"alarm.":[154],"Considering":[155],"class":[157],"imbalance":[158],"above":[168],"improvements,":[169],"multi-task":[170],"loss":[171],"proposed":[173,216],"training.":[175],"Ablation":[176],"experiments":[177,197],"performed":[179],"on":[180,191,198],"UA-DETRAC":[181,199],"dataset":[182,200,207],"further":[184],"analyze":[185],"effect":[187],"different":[189],"strategies":[190],"performance":[192],"improvement.":[193],"addition,":[195],"comparisons":[196],"handcrafted":[202],"Vehicles":[203],"Traffic":[205],"(VOF)":[206],"conducted":[209],"demonstrate":[211],"superiority":[213],"method":[217],"over":[218],"state-of-the-art":[220],"methods.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}