{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144635045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069191","title":"Multimodal AI System for the Rapid Diagnosis and Surgical Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis","display_name":"Multimodal AI System for the Rapid Diagnosis and Surgical Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144635045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069191","mag":"3144635045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388699.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074155843","display_name":"Wenjing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023658691","display_name":"Yuanyuan Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-5958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-5958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070523246","display_name":"Huiying Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiying Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069229479","display_name":"Junjian Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjian Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696899","display_name":"Jiale Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-5393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110559238","display_name":"Wei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-4832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039509","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039509"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87024645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"51050","last_page":"51064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12150","display_name":"Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12237","display_name":"Congenital gastrointestinal and neural anomalies","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.7569009065628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.640742301940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necrotizing-enterocolitis","display_name":"Necrotizing enterocolitis","score":0.6305624842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49223223328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4780217409133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.42128512263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.23521459102630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics","display_name":"Pediatrics","score":0.20615997910499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1919650435447693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.7569009065628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.640742301940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779303187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859678","display_name":"Necrotizing enterocolitis","level":2,"score":0.6305624842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49223223328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4780217409133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.42128512263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.23521459102630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.20615997910499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1919650435447693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:665e8ba208514539b0fe4badd670bc03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/665e8ba208514539b0fe4badd670bc03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 51050-51064 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3069191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09388699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7633276975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1315402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144635045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3144635045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500353060","https://openalex.org/W2019549525","https://openalex.org/W2100631457","https://openalex.org/W2106447783","https://openalex.org/W2129134218","https://openalex.org/W2301034803","https://openalex.org/W2312673706","https://openalex.org/W2512327724","https://openalex.org/W2550845839","https://openalex.org/W2554225542","https://openalex.org/W2563805631","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2795217947","https://openalex.org/W2884700447","https://openalex.org/W2889553927","https://openalex.org/W2898109153","https://openalex.org/W2900044084","https://openalex.org/W2900857049","https://openalex.org/W2944146413","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2969713417","https://openalex.org/W2987825010","https://openalex.org/W3011277118","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3020653337","https://openalex.org/W3041442211","https://openalex.org/W3082438001","https://openalex.org/W3083193624","https://openalex.org/W3088053720","https://openalex.org/W4235469056","https://openalex.org/W4297665946","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6775845032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"diagnosis":[2,48,220],"and":[3,22,42,70,81,99,103,116,153,181,186,217,221],"surgical":[4,187],"prediction":[5],"of":[6,39,49,86,161,190,198,214],"necrotizing":[7],"enterocolitis":[8],"(NEC)":[9],"remain":[10],"a":[11,59],"challenge":[12],"because":[13],"its":[14],"complex":[15,50],"pathogenesis":[16],"has":[17,35],"not":[18],"been":[19,43],"completely":[20],"elucidated,":[21],"no":[23],"single":[24],"medical":[25,101],"examination":[26],"is":[27],"specific":[28],"for":[29],"diagnosing":[30,130],"NEC.":[31,131],"Artificial":[32],"intelligence":[33],"(AI)":[34],"proven":[36],"the":[37,47,53,118,125,134,149,154,170,184,191,212],"robustness":[38],"multivariate":[40],"analysis":[41],"widely":[44],"used":[45,112],"in":[46,52,129,172],"diseases":[51],"past":[54],"decade.":[55],"In":[56,132],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"new":[60],"multimodal":[61,150,202],"AI":[62,119,151,192,203],"system":[63,126,193,204],"including":[64],"feature":[65],"engineering,":[66],"machine":[67],"learning":[68,72],"(ML),":[69],"deep":[71],"(DL)":[73],"was":[74,127,159,194],"constructed":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77],"abdominal":[78],"radiographs":[79],"(ARs)":[80],"clinical":[82,104,135],"data.":[83],"A":[84],"total":[85],"4,535":[87],"ARs":[88],"from":[89,106,142],"1,823":[90],"suspected":[91,108],"NEC":[92,109,144,164],"patients":[93,110,145,165],"were":[94,111,146],"analyzed":[95],"by":[96,148,179],"transfer":[97],"learning,":[98],"then":[100],"images":[102],"parameters":[105],"827":[107],"to":[113,196,223],"train,":[114],"validate,":[115],"test":[117,174],"system.":[120],"Our":[121],"results":[122,155,171],"demonstrated":[123],"that":[124,157,183,197],"effective":[128],"addition,":[133],"datasets":[136],"obtained":[137],"one":[138],"week":[139],"before":[140],"surgery":[141],"379":[143],"studied":[147],"system,":[152],"showed":[156],"it":[158],"capable":[160],"predicting":[162],"which":[163],"required":[166],"surgery.":[167],"We":[168],"compared":[169],"external":[173],"sets":[175],"with":[176],"those":[177],"made":[178],"clinicians":[180,207],"found":[182],"diagnostic":[185,209],"predictive":[188],"ability":[189],"equivalent":[195],"experienced":[199],"clinicians.":[200],"This":[201],"can":[205],"help":[206],"improve":[208],"efficiency,":[210],"reduce":[211],"number":[213],"missed":[215],"diagnoses,":[216],"facilitate":[218],"early":[219],"treatment":[222],"prevent":[224],"disease":[225],"progression":[226],"or":[227],"even":[228],"death.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}