{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124855829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054860","title":"Cycle-Life-Aware Optimal Sizing of Grid-Side Battery Energy Storage","display_name":"Cycle-Life-Aware Optimal Sizing of Grid-Side Battery Energy Storage","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124855829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054860","mag":"3124855829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336720.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749837","display_name":"Yunfan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-1997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunfan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-1997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065511496","display_name":"Yifan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053837522","display_name":"Zhaojian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-6339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-6339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415332","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-2558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756590","display_name":"Chenghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-7430"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100749837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3945,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7998839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"20179","last_page":"20190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.7191216945648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6566266417503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5941868424415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5368379354476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.43243151903152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-storage","display_name":"Battery storage","score":0.4103579521179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34534114599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1524817943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08585357666015625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.7191216945648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6566266417503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5941868424415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5368379354476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43243151903152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983735921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1832610","display_name":"Battery storage","level":4,"score":0.4103579521179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34534114599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1524817943572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08585357666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd3345acad9f4c6d8cd271318fb84455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd3345acad9f4c6d8cd271318fb84455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 20179-20190 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054860","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6902746905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5419-201924207A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124855829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124855829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971255546","https://openalex.org/W2012475895","https://openalex.org/W2018377741","https://openalex.org/W2045264797","https://openalex.org/W2052327026","https://openalex.org/W2056636551","https://openalex.org/W2074376561","https://openalex.org/W2083775912","https://openalex.org/W2100254153","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2197072304","https://openalex.org/W2344166839","https://openalex.org/W2344699307","https://openalex.org/W2507962373","https://openalex.org/W2530592491","https://openalex.org/W2748162992","https://openalex.org/W2801538605","https://openalex.org/W2897723454","https://openalex.org/W2965087844","https://openalex.org/W2973740419","https://openalex.org/W2981471102","https://openalex.org/W2984126900","https://openalex.org/W2991845631","https://openalex.org/W3038027436","https://openalex.org/W4256439778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W4387389839","https://openalex.org/W2383088574","https://openalex.org/W2376717487","https://openalex.org/W2997766207","https://openalex.org/W4211231977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grid-side":[0],"electrochemical":[1],"battery":[2,49],"energy":[3,20],"storage":[4],"systems":[5],"(BESS)":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"increasingly":[9],"deployed":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,103,126,180,186],"fast":[13],"and":[14,27,92,151,185],"flexible":[15],"solution":[16],"to":[17,73,89,157,169],"promoting":[18],"renewable":[19,65],"resources":[21],"penetration.":[22],"However,":[23],"high":[24],"investment":[25,43],"cost":[26],"revenue":[28],"risk":[29],"greatly":[30],"restrict":[31],"its":[32,53,113],"grid-scale":[33,110],"applications.":[34],"As":[35],"one":[36],"of":[37,48,63,79,94,131,141,162,191],"the":[38,45,57,61,75,90,95,123,144,159,171],"key":[39],"factors":[40],"that":[41],"affect":[42],"cost,":[44],"cycle":[46,77,138],"life":[47,78,139],"heavily":[50],"depends":[51],"on":[52,179],"charging/discharging":[54],"actions":[55],"during":[56],"operation,":[58],"particularly":[59],"in":[60,81,143],"presence":[62],"uncertain":[64],"generation.":[66,121],"In":[67,98,122],"this":[68,99],"context,":[69],"it":[70],"is":[71,133,167,177],"necessary":[72],"consider":[74],"operation-dependent":[76],"batteries":[80],"optimal":[82,106,160],"BESS":[83,132,152],"sizing,":[84],"which":[85],"imposes":[86],"great":[87],"challenges":[88],"modeling":[91],"solving":[93],"planning":[96],"problems.":[97],"paper,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"novel":[104],"two-level":[105],"sizing":[107],"model":[108,140,172],"for":[109],"BESS,":[111],"considering":[112],"operation":[114,129],"under":[115],"uncertainties":[116],"induced":[117],"by":[118],"volatile":[119],"wind":[120],"lower":[124],"level,":[125,146],"long-term":[127],"chronological":[128],"simulation":[130],"processed":[134],"with":[135],"an":[136],"accurate":[137],"batteries;":[142],"upper":[145],"marginal":[147],"economic":[148],"utility":[149],"analysis":[150],"size":[153,161],"reforming":[154],"are":[155],"conducted":[156],"approach":[158],"BESS.":[163],"An":[164],"iterative":[165],"algorithm":[166],"designed":[168],"solve":[170],"effectively.":[173],"The":[174],"proposed":[175],"method":[176],"verified":[178],"modified":[181],"IEEE":[182],"RTS-24":[183],"system":[184],"real":[187],"provincial":[188],"power":[189],"grid":[190],"China.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-08T08:47:23.578185","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}