{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124375695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054470","title":"Importance Sampling for Time-Variant Reliability Analysis","display_name":"Importance Sampling for Time-Variant Reliability Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124375695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054470","mag":"3124375695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054470","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09335614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09335614.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655213","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2239-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-2888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074929374","display_name":"Runan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-9157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-9157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748994","display_name":"Zhili Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-4850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100655213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89788777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"20933","last_page":"20941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6892886161804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.6887203454971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6824519634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6518523693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5984290838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.5200352668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4795098602771759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.46951955556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.42051082849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4026104807853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3273385167121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2629462778568268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6892886161804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.6887203454971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6824519634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6518523693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5984290838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.5200352668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4795098602771759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.46951955556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.42051082849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4026104807853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3273385167121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2629462778568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054470","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09335614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93aba6ad160b4c52b1dd0d0415971904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93aba6ad160b4c52b1dd0d0415971904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 20933-20941 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054470","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09335614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1849223738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N180303031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2038267735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51775097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124375695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124375695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32980360","https://openalex.org/W758512901","https://openalex.org/W1833834961","https://openalex.org/W1950765844","https://openalex.org/W1965777485","https://openalex.org/W1992629208","https://openalex.org/W1999091229","https://openalex.org/W2004256179","https://openalex.org/W2007535697","https://openalex.org/W2024364288","https://openalex.org/W2028589569","https://openalex.org/W2045644796","https://openalex.org/W2046207241","https://openalex.org/W2054412568","https://openalex.org/W2055452904","https://openalex.org/W2059070214","https://openalex.org/W2069233750","https://openalex.org/W2070098157","https://openalex.org/W2072897170","https://openalex.org/W2075967518","https://openalex.org/W2078429918","https://openalex.org/W2094898526","https://openalex.org/W2096285034","https://openalex.org/W2140223291","https://openalex.org/W2147632348","https://openalex.org/W2155117533","https://openalex.org/W2161520744","https://openalex.org/W2171429214","https://openalex.org/W2211608521","https://openalex.org/W2297009022","https://openalex.org/W2321504594","https://openalex.org/W2338207464","https://openalex.org/W2523905523","https://openalex.org/W2532950076","https://openalex.org/W2583134621","https://openalex.org/W2642384746","https://openalex.org/W2730189265","https://openalex.org/W2749686569","https://openalex.org/W2765924207","https://openalex.org/W2766044833","https://openalex.org/W2793961806","https://openalex.org/W2805357705","https://openalex.org/W2955135703","https://openalex.org/W2959906462","https://openalex.org/W2969368399","https://openalex.org/W2989261586","https://openalex.org/W2997447739","https://openalex.org/W3010474892","https://openalex.org/W3020882730","https://openalex.org/W3037265734","https://openalex.org/W3047711623","https://openalex.org/W3081585165","https://openalex.org/W4214754825","https://openalex.org/W4253451151","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6622345738","https://openalex.org/W6683929246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355760814","https://openalex.org/W2028225975","https://openalex.org/W2373670823","https://openalex.org/W2391213251","https://openalex.org/W2076078510","https://openalex.org/W2365843888","https://openalex.org/W2242259016","https://openalex.org/W2364639542","https://openalex.org/W2103565019","https://openalex.org/W2363158203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Importance":[0],"sampling":[1,30,41,71,150],"methods":[2,14],"are":[3,98,130,161],"extensively":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,18,80],"time-independent":[7,66,69],"reliability":[8,23,34],"analysis.":[9,24,35],"However,":[10],"the":[11,19,38,51,53,76,101,110,126,142,147,158],"kind":[12],"of":[13,21,40,44,86,95,103,125,149,157],"is":[15,62,72],"barely":[16],"studied":[17],"field":[20],"time-variant":[22,33,46,127],"This":[25],"article":[26],"presents":[27],"an":[28],"importance":[29,70],"method":[31,144,160],"for":[32],"It":[36],"increases":[37,146],"probability":[39,148],"failure":[42,151],"trajectories":[43,94,124],"a":[45,58,65],"performance":[47,55,78,128],"function.":[48],"To":[49],"develop":[50],"method,":[52],"instantaneous":[54,77,84,104,113],"function":[56,79,129],"at":[57,115],"predefined":[59],"time":[60,117],"instant":[61],"regarded":[63],"as":[64],"one.":[67],"A":[68],"first":[73],"implemented":[74],"on":[75,100],"order":[81],"to":[82],"obtain":[83],"samples":[85,105],"stochastic":[87,96,121],"processes":[88,97],"and":[89,155],"random":[90],"variables.":[91],"Then,":[92],"conditional":[93],"generated":[99],"condition":[102],"achieved":[106],"above,":[107],"which":[108],"utilizes":[109],"correlationship":[111],"among":[112],"uncertainties":[114],"different":[116],"instants":[118],"associated":[119],"with":[120,137],"processes.":[122],"Subsequently,":[123],"obtained.":[131],"Validation":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"comparing":[136],"crude":[138],"Monte":[139],"Carlo":[140],"simulation,":[141],"proposed":[143,159],"remarkably":[145],"trajectories.":[152],"The":[153],"efficiency":[154],"accuracy":[156],"demonstrated.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
