{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023576515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992805","title":"Dual Connectivity-Based Mobility Management and Data Split Mechanism in 4G/5G Cellular Networks","display_name":"Dual Connectivity-Based Mobility Management and Data Split Mechanism in 4G/5G Cellular Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023576515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992805","mag":"3023576515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09087860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09087860.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080519937","display_name":"Tariq Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-8851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133438","display_name":"Habib University","ror":"https://ror.org/030p2g996","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133438"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-8851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046127152","display_name":"Shahabuddin Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahabuddin Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007514431","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-8342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027538068","display_name":"Nazeeruddin Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-5960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazeeruddin Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity Center, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-5960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity Center, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.8346,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96288143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"86495","last_page":"86509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8710358738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7801432609558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-management","display_name":"Mobility management","score":0.6279264688491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5218947529792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5206988453865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.50711989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.4816642999649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-technology","display_name":"Radio access technology","score":0.45117253065109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4477177858352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.443460613489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.43533506989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.43304163217544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4236312806606293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.41100606322288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3538037836551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.2074146866798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14684835076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11561566591262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.11463499069213867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8710358738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7801432609558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778555145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4476379","display_name":"Mobility management","level":2,"score":0.6279264688491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5218947529792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5206988453865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.50711989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.4816642999649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780137118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121585","display_name":"Radio access technology","level":4,"score":0.45117253065109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4477177858352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.443460613489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.43533506989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.43304163217544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4236312806606293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.41100606322288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3538037836551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.2074146866798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14684835076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11561566591262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.11463499069213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09087860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3670a76715314d94a88ff024f9abcae1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3670a76715314d94a88ff024f9abcae1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 86495-86509 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:286226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/286226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09087860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328105","display_name":"Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023576515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023576515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125598877","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W2354287324","https://openalex.org/W2540099098","https://openalex.org/W2554536553","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2754062090","https://openalex.org/W2754103800","https://openalex.org/W2805261216","https://openalex.org/W2896958610","https://openalex.org/W2898253477","https://openalex.org/W2907804660","https://openalex.org/W2914054027","https://openalex.org/W2955795955","https://openalex.org/W2962855623","https://openalex.org/W2963246369","https://openalex.org/W2970325330","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3103926693","https://openalex.org/W6728870846","https://openalex.org/W6759338832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066495605","https://openalex.org/W2053144196","https://openalex.org/W3015145336","https://openalex.org/W2028976534","https://openalex.org/W1681922853","https://openalex.org/W1546503785","https://openalex.org/W1552030331","https://openalex.org/W4234033162","https://openalex.org/W2034011337","https://openalex.org/W2016524364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,193],"emerging":[1],"5G":[2,34,65,92,136],"mobile":[3,162],"network":[4],"technology":[5,35],"is":[6,60,196],"envisioned":[7],"to":[8,13,21,85,121,209],"provide":[9,49,143],"an":[10,61,80],"efficient":[11],"platform":[12],"interconnect":[14],"machines,":[15],"objects,":[16],"and":[17,31,45,48,91,135,154,204],"devices":[18],"in":[19,186,198],"addition":[20],"interconnecting":[22],"people.":[23],"Equipped":[24],"with":[25],"peak":[26],"data":[27,130,157],"rates,":[28],"low":[29],"latency,":[30],"massive":[32,56],"capacity,":[33],"will":[36],"empower":[37],"new":[38,50],"user":[39,163],"experiences":[40],"such":[41,53],"as":[42,54,110,119,174],"virtual":[43],"reality":[44,47],"augmented":[46],"service":[51],"areas":[52],"connecting":[55],"IoT.":[57],"Dual":[58],"connectivity":[59],"important":[62],"feature":[63],"where":[64,179],"systems":[66],"are":[67,207],"overlaid":[68],"on":[69,139,147,190],"the":[70,102,172,184,187],"existing":[71],"4G":[72,90,134],"core":[73],"network.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"MM":[81,99,109,126],"(mobility":[82],"management)":[83],"algorithm":[84,100],"efficiently":[86],"perform":[87],"handovers":[88],"between":[89,133],"RATs":[93,137],"(radio":[94],"access":[95],"technologies).":[96],"Our":[97,125],"proposed":[98,194],"utilizes":[101],"strength":[103],"of":[104,116,167],"DC":[105,111,153],"(dual":[106],"connectivity)":[107],"for":[108,160,164],"inherently":[112],"has":[113],"lesser":[114],"amount":[115],"handover":[117],"interruption":[118],"compared":[120],"conventional":[122],"hard":[123],"handover.":[124],"scheme":[127],"suggests":[128,155],"appropriate":[129],"split":[131,158],"mechanism":[132,159],"based":[138,146,189],"application-specific":[140],"strategy.":[141],"We":[142,170],"a":[144,161,165,180,199],"framework":[145,195],"probabilistic":[148],"model":[149,171,202],"checking":[150],"that":[151],"leverages":[152],"strategy-based":[156],"variety":[166],"market":[168],"verticals.":[169],"system":[173],"MDP":[175,188],"(Markov":[176],"decision":[177],"process)":[178],"controller":[181],"breaks":[182],"all":[183],"nondeterminism":[185],"reward":[191],"calculations.":[192],"implemented":[197],"well":[200],"known":[201],"checker":[203],"various":[205],"scenarios":[206],"used":[208],"assess":[210],"its":[211],"applicability.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
