{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981410515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948838","title":"Using the AMCE Algorithm to High-Efficiently Develop Vehicle Driving Cycles With Road Grade","display_name":"Using the AMCE Algorithm to High-Efficiently Develop Vehicle Driving Cycles With Road Grade","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981410515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948838","mag":"2981410515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948838","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879540.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879540.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353064","display_name":"Man Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun, China","School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087920747","display_name":"Shuming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-0682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103032959","display_name":"Wendong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-8322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061997653","display_name":"Yunbo Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-4484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbo Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694033","display_name":"Wei Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210110558"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52133203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"160449","last_page":"160458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944671869277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4744980037212372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944671869277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4744980037212372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948838","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879540.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60842bcf430e47b3945e75fd49382634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60842bcf430e47b3945e75fd49382634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 160449-160458 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948838","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879540.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2188261014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JS044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981410515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981410515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551138295","https://openalex.org/W1966847440","https://openalex.org/W1978662634","https://openalex.org/W2013821072","https://openalex.org/W2020143195","https://openalex.org/W2029490915","https://openalex.org/W2049004936","https://openalex.org/W2067279931","https://openalex.org/W2074317039","https://openalex.org/W2084708815","https://openalex.org/W2086881996","https://openalex.org/W2108386305","https://openalex.org/W2112138168","https://openalex.org/W2121373027","https://openalex.org/W2138987855","https://openalex.org/W2145874083","https://openalex.org/W2155107111","https://openalex.org/W2216448532","https://openalex.org/W2334697381","https://openalex.org/W2410777413","https://openalex.org/W2573114899","https://openalex.org/W2905470808","https://openalex.org/W2943077699","https://openalex.org/W4237996161","https://openalex.org/W6676399402","https://openalex.org/W6732457295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"grade":[1,25,168],"greatly":[2],"affects":[3],"energy":[4],"consumption":[5],"and":[6,108,194,208],"pollutant":[7],"emission":[8],"of":[9,33,75,79,125,140,210],"heavy-duty":[10,156],"vehicles.":[11],"It":[12],"is":[13,40,66,93,119,144],"therefore":[14],"necessary":[15],"to":[16,95,121],"develop":[17],"representative":[18,188],"three-parameter":[19,163,187],"driving":[20,38,141,149,158,164,189],"cycles":[21,39,190],"while":[22],"taking":[23],"road":[24,167],"into":[26,101],"account.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,49,73,76,86,97,106,123,126,130,137,152,172,178,181,186,192,202,206,211],"low":[30],"running":[31,195],"efficiency":[32,196],"existing":[34],"methods":[35],"for":[36],"developing":[37],"a":[41,80,89,160,162],"serious":[42],"problem.":[43],"To":[44],"improve":[45],"efficiency,":[46],"inspired":[47],"by":[48,199],"idea":[50],"that":[51],"intelligent":[52],"algorithms":[53],"with":[54,105,110,166,177],"self-adaptivity":[55],"can":[56,133,184],"accelerate":[57],"convergence,":[58],"an":[59,115],"adaptive":[60,116],"Markov":[61,81,87,138],"chain":[62,82],"evolution":[63,77,83,99,127,131],"(AMCE)":[64],"method":[65,183,213],"proposed":[67,173,182,212],"in":[68],"this":[69],"study.":[70],"Based":[71],"on":[72,159,191],"characteristics":[74],"strategies":[78,100,132],"(MCE)":[84],"satisfying":[85],"property,":[88],"strategy":[90],"boundary":[91],"variable":[92],"defined":[94],"classify":[96],"MCE":[98,179],"two":[102],"categories,":[103],"one":[104,109],"global":[107],"local":[111],"search":[112],"capability.":[113],"Then,":[114],"probability":[117],"equation":[118],"used":[120],"adjust":[122],"proportion":[124],"strategies,":[128],"thus":[129],"satisfy":[134],"not":[135],"only":[136],"property":[139],"cycle":[142,165],"but":[143],"also":[145],"self-adaptive.":[146],"By":[147],"collecting":[148],"data":[150],"including":[151],"elevation":[153],"information":[154],"from":[155],"vehicles":[157],"highway,":[161,193],"was":[169,197],"generated":[170],"using":[171],"method.":[174],"In":[175],"comparison":[176],"method,":[180],"obtain":[185],"increased":[198],"43.08%":[200],"under":[201],"given":[203],"conditions.":[204],"Additionally,":[205],"rationality":[207],"necessity":[209],"are":[214],"fully":[215],"verified.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}