{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977569183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2945045","title":"Automatic Seal Imprint Verification Systems Using Edge Difference","display_name":"Automatic Seal Imprint Verification Systems Using Edge Difference","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977569183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2945045","mag":"2977569183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2945045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2945045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08854780.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08854780.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940296","display_name":"Yuchen Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-8260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chen Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048130890","display_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035844880","display_name":"Wei\u2010Ho Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-7398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ho Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-7398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65289202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"145302","last_page":"145312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.7333546876907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583928465843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6270323395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6181485652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6132982969284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.575440526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seal","display_name":"Seal (emblem)","score":0.5699183344841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5555520057678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5222433805465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.45897147059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.45577290654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4391461908817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.412922203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4100739061832428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.7333546876907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583928465843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6270323395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6181485652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6132982969284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.575440526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777755289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162919","display_name":"Seal (emblem)","level":2,"score":0.5699183344841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5555520057678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5222433805465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.45897147059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.45577290654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4391461908817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.412922203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4100739061832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2945045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2945045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08854780.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b52309f810c44935993d4f0bd717cc4d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b52309f810c44935993d4f0bd717cc4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 145302-145312 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2945045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2945045","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08854780.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977569183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977569183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537198659","https://openalex.org/W1553009305","https://openalex.org/W1569935406","https://openalex.org/W2024915064","https://openalex.org/W2040584079","https://openalex.org/W2057917644","https://openalex.org/W2058899898","https://openalex.org/W2065952042","https://openalex.org/W2067138814","https://openalex.org/W2071238544","https://openalex.org/W2075069329","https://openalex.org/W2093270139","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2158008371","https://openalex.org/W2170126607","https://openalex.org/W2966596424","https://openalex.org/W4231627457","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6632190475","https://openalex.org/W6664718558","https://openalex.org/W6666919589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2127804977","https://openalex.org/W2108418243","https://openalex.org/W164103134","https://openalex.org/W2787352659","https://openalex.org/W4206560911","https://openalex.org/W1970611213","https://openalex.org/W1707372784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Asian":[1],"countries,":[2],"seals":[3],"are":[4,39,72,89],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7],"authenticating":[8],"the":[9,18,50,53,58,62,65,69,93,105,108,128,131],"identity":[10],"of":[11,52,83,130],"a":[12,24,74],"person":[13],"or":[14,29,122],"an":[15],"organization.":[16],"Therefore,":[17],"ability":[19],"to":[20,48,79,96,107,118],"efficiently":[21],"verify":[22],"whether":[23],"seal":[25,37],"is":[26,31,46,77,115],"either":[27,120],"genuine":[28,121],"forged":[30],"important.":[32],"Both":[33],"rectangular":[34],"and":[35,68],"circular":[36],"imprints":[38],"considered":[40],"in":[41],"this":[42],"work.":[43],"Geometric":[44],"transformation":[45,76],"performed":[47],"align":[49],"perspective":[51],"detected":[54,70],"imprint":[55,114],"image":[56,67,71],"with":[57,92],"reference":[59,66],"imprint.":[60],"After":[61],"edge-differences":[63],"between":[64],"computed,":[73],"distance":[75],"applied":[78],"extract":[80],"several":[81],"kinds":[82],"weighting":[84],"matrices.":[85],"The":[86,113,124],"edge-difference":[87,94],"images":[88,95],"weighted":[90],"element-wise":[91],"calculate":[97],"some":[98],"predefined":[99],"similarity":[100],"metrics":[101],"which":[102],"serve":[103],"as":[104],"input":[106],"SVM":[109],"(support":[110],"vector":[111],"machine).":[112],"then":[116],"determined":[117],"be":[119],"forged.":[123],"experimental":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"proposed":[132],"verification":[133],"approach.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
