{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2961074100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927726","title":"Impact of ECG Dataset Diversity on Generalization of CNN Model for Detecting QRS Complex","display_name":"Impact of ECG Dataset Diversity on Generalization of CNN Model for Detecting QRS Complex","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2961074100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927726","mag":"2961074100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2927726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08758818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08758818.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019483138","display_name":"Ahsan Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-4251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-4251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203013","display_name":"Chandan Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandan Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-0856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048317892","display_name":"John Yearwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-6767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Yearwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3225, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001203013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93211897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"93275","last_page":"93285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qrs-complex","display_name":"QRS complex","score":0.8185406923294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7896886467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7317682504653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6247917413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6097188591957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5778687596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3672565519809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3590691089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13674789667129517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111773187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969239","display_name":"QRS complex","level":2,"score":0.8185406923294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7896886467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7317682504653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6247917413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6097188591957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5778687596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3672565519809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3590691089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13674789667129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2927726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08758818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4ccb35e79a64666b267fb5f67e0fc68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4ccb35e79a64666b267fb5f67e0fc68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 93275-93285 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30128936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20745706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Impact_of_ECG_dataset_diversity_on_generalization_of_CNN_model_for_detecting_QRS_complex/20745706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2927726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08758818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961074100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2961074100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W948663339","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1928906481","https://openalex.org/W2042061780","https://openalex.org/W2054421446","https://openalex.org/W2073806155","https://openalex.org/W2099619765","https://openalex.org/W2106479238","https://openalex.org/W2107695583","https://openalex.org/W2124621676","https://openalex.org/W2129257802","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163430278","https://openalex.org/W2164605269","https://openalex.org/W2166704538","https://openalex.org/W2223222085","https://openalex.org/W2291961022","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2605056515","https://openalex.org/W2620050178","https://openalex.org/W2620656322","https://openalex.org/W2626415400","https://openalex.org/W2702116941","https://openalex.org/W2761434131","https://openalex.org/W2766837055","https://openalex.org/W2771170013","https://openalex.org/W2776265614","https://openalex.org/W2790139067","https://openalex.org/W2791899572","https://openalex.org/W2792954102","https://openalex.org/W2798651459","https://openalex.org/W2827978565","https://openalex.org/W2884772468","https://openalex.org/W2899132956","https://openalex.org/W2902810937","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3101796369","https://openalex.org/W3106455851","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6640376812","https://openalex.org/W6679333694","https://openalex.org/W6739942763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2995553446","https://openalex.org/W2120455979","https://openalex.org/W4200527723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,28,41,54,59,96,109,169,195,201],"QRS":[2,15,31,69,80,207],"complexes":[3],"in":[4],"electrocardiogram":[5],"(ECG)":[6],"signal":[7,57],"is":[8,101,203],"crucial":[9],"for":[10,22,153,205],"automated":[11],"cardiac":[12],"diagnosis.":[13],"Automated":[14],"detection":[16,32,36,208],"has":[17],"been":[18],"a":[19,78,178,198],"research":[20],"topic":[21],"over":[23,89,133],"three":[24,134],"decades":[25],"and":[26,56,61,120,124,129,143,151,157],"several":[27],"the":[29,39,97,106,166,175,193],"traditional":[30],"methods":[33,43],"show":[34],"acceptable":[35,87],"accuracy,":[37],"however,":[38],"applicability":[40],"these":[42,154],"beyond":[44],"their":[45],"study-specific":[46],"databases":[47,155],"was":[48],"not":[49,184],"explored.":[50],"The":[51,171],"non-stationary":[52],"nature":[53],"ECG":[55,91,137],"variance":[58],"intra":[60,116],"inter-patient":[62],"recordings":[63,92],"impose":[64],"significant":[65],"challenges":[66],"on":[67],"single":[68,128,167],"detectors":[70],"to":[71,85],"achieve":[72,86],"reasonable":[73,206],"performance.":[74],"In":[75],"real":[76],"life,":[77],"promising":[79],"detector":[81],"may":[82],"be":[83],"expected":[84],"accuracy":[88,147,164],"diverse":[90,199],"and,":[93],"thus,":[94],"investigation":[95],"model's":[98,180],"generalization":[99,107,181],"capability":[100,108,182],"crucial.":[102],"This":[103],"paper":[104],"investigates":[105],"convolutional":[110],"neural":[111],"network":[112],"(CNN)":[113],"based-models":[114],"from":[115,197],"(subject":[117],"wise":[118],"leave-one-out":[119],"five-fold":[121],"cross":[122],"validation)":[123],"inter-database":[125,158],"(training":[126],"with":[127,165],"multiple":[130],"databases)":[131],"points-of-view":[132],"publicly":[135],"available":[136],"databases,":[138],"namely":[139],"MIT-BIH":[140],"Arrhythmia,":[141],"INCART,":[142],"QT.":[144],"Leave-one-out":[145],"test":[146],"reports":[148],"99.22%,":[149],"97.13%,":[150],"96.25%":[152],"accordingly":[156],"tests":[159],"report":[160],"more":[161,189],"than":[162],"90%":[163],"exception":[168],"INCART.":[170],"performance":[172],"variation":[173],"reveals":[174],"fact":[176],"that":[177],"CNN":[179],"does":[183],"increase":[185],"simply":[186],"by":[187],"adding":[188],"training":[190],"samples,":[191],"rather":[192],"inclusion":[194],"samples":[196],"range":[200],"subjects":[202],"necessary":[204],"accuracy.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}