{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946114986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918710","title":"Spatial Permutation Modulation for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems","display_name":"Spatial Permutation Modulation for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946114986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918710","mag":"2946114986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918710","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08721630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08721630.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013320181","display_name":"I\u2010Wei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3173-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Wei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3173-1562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052160387","display_name":"Jhih-Wei Shih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-5520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhih-Wei Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035592858","display_name":"Che-Wei Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-244X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Che-Wei Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062467110","display_name":"Hsu-Hsuan Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu-Hsuan Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043412314","display_name":"Jung-Chun Chi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Chun Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108263501","display_name":"Jyun-Sian Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyun-Sian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029106788","display_name":"Yuan-Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6781-7312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5429,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89835281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"68206","last_page":"68218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-block-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","score":0.7445734739303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6832287907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5592275261878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5561806559562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.5461791753768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5080962181091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4820195436477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.4759901762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4740188717842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.4717714786529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3839588761329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3606027364730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34972575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3449968695640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2811785340309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.27284419536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11827293038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11310988664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10464444756507874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83487572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371792","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","level":4,"score":0.7445734739303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6832287907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5592275261878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5561806559562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.5461791753768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5080962181091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4820195436477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.4759901762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4740188717842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.4717714786529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3839588761329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3606027364730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34972575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3449968695640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2811785340309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.27284419536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11827293038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11310988664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10464444756507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918710","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08721630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a1027911150440b99e79e166f9627eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a1027911150440b99e79e166f9627eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 68206-68218 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918710","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08721630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2781174597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107-2221-E-003-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946114986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946114986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998505949","https://openalex.org/W2020144024","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2038619638","https://openalex.org/W2059428565","https://openalex.org/W2067474000","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2073788610","https://openalex.org/W2077070468","https://openalex.org/W2086223997","https://openalex.org/W2098929637","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2122180319","https://openalex.org/W2130112133","https://openalex.org/W2142978827","https://openalex.org/W2147930274","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2165500698","https://openalex.org/W2293220824","https://openalex.org/W2412064943","https://openalex.org/W2475965870","https://openalex.org/W2484502557","https://openalex.org/W2512516761","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2739708190","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2765739499","https://openalex.org/W2766725859","https://openalex.org/W2789314394","https://openalex.org/W2886663778","https://openalex.org/W2907301073","https://openalex.org/W2963969247","https://openalex.org/W4235364725","https://openalex.org/W4251671945","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W6683439467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141404938","https://openalex.org/W2104651922","https://openalex.org/W2767855487","https://openalex.org/W1918457785","https://openalex.org/W2469417461","https://openalex.org/W2039266818","https://openalex.org/W1978096326","https://openalex.org/W2354651286","https://openalex.org/W2171159645","https://openalex.org/W2320731542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"modulation":[1,24,44,130,136,147,152,222,263],"(SM)":[2],"for":[3,257],"the":[4,34,56,75,81,96,106,115,159,166,175,193,235,245,258],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[5],"(MIMO)":[6],"system":[7,256],"has":[8],"attracted":[9],"research":[10],"interests":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,33,50,103,112,170,188,199,247,253],"its":[14],"high":[15,202],"energy":[16],"and":[17,54,69,89,99,105,132,149,165],"spectral":[18],"efficiency.":[19],"SM":[20,186,246],"creates":[21],"a":[22,28,51],"new":[23],"dimension":[25],"by":[26,218,227],"activating":[27,228],"single":[29],"transmit":[30,57],"antenna":[31,58],"according":[32],"data":[35,48,79],"bits.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"spatial":[42,128,134,146,151],"permutation":[43,52,76,129,135,262],"(SPM)":[45],"that":[46,114],"modulates":[47],"bits":[49],"vector":[53,77],"activates":[55],"at":[59],"successive":[60],"time":[61,82],"instants":[62],"accordingly.":[63],"The":[64,84,155,242],"SPM":[65,108,116,204,248],"achieves":[66,206],"higher":[67],"diversity":[68,88,181],"thus":[70],"lower":[71,207],"error":[72,90,208],"rate":[73,91,209],"since":[74],"disperses":[78],"along":[80],"coordinate.":[83],"theoretical":[85,163],"model":[86],"of":[87,161,260],"are":[92,197],"derived":[93],"in":[94,234],"both":[95],"slow-fading":[97],"channel":[98],"fast-fading":[100],"channel,":[101,184],"leading":[102],"systematic":[104],"fast":[107],"design":[109,259],"exploration.":[110],"Additionally,":[111],"show":[113],"can":[117,249],"be":[118,250],"easily":[119,251],"combined":[120],"with":[121,201],"other":[122],"SM-based":[123],"techniques,":[124],"space-time":[125,143],"block":[126,144],"coded":[127,145],"(STBC-SPM)":[131],"quadrature":[133,150],"(QSPM)":[137],"is":[138],"exemplarily":[139],"designed":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142],"(STBC-SM)":[148],"(QSM),":[153],"respectively.":[154],"numerical":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"accuracy":[160],"our":[162],"analyses":[164],"superior":[167],"SPM/STBC-SPM/QSPM":[168],"performances":[169],"SM/STBC-SM/QSM,":[171],"respectively,":[172],"especially":[173],"under":[174],"severe":[176],"environments":[177,194],"like":[178],"low":[179],"receive":[180],"or":[182],"spatially-correlated":[183],"where":[185,195],"fails":[187],"provide":[189],"satisfactory":[190],"performance.":[191],"Under":[192],"systems":[196],"allowed":[198],"operate":[200],"throughputs,":[203],"also":[205],"performance":[210],"than":[211],"SM.":[212],"Last":[213],"but":[214],"not":[215],"least,":[216],"inspired":[217],"SM,":[219],"numerous":[220],"index":[221,261],"(IM)":[223],"have":[224],"been":[225],"invented":[226],"various":[229],"transmission":[230],"entities,":[231],"e.g.,":[232],"subcarrier":[233],"orthogonal":[236],"frequency":[237],"division":[238],"multiplexing":[239],"(OFDM)":[240],"system.":[241],"generalization":[243],"from":[244],"applied":[252],"another":[254],"IM":[255],"(IPM).":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}