{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920756956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903024","title":"A Blockchain-Based Non-Invasive Cyber-Physical Occupational Therapy Framework: BCI Perspective","display_name":"A Blockchain-Based Non-Invasive Cyber-Physical Occupational Therapy Framework: BCI Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920756956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903024","mag":"2920756956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08660564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08660564.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674576","display_name":"Md. Abdur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abdur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Forensic Computing, University of Prince Mugrin, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Forensic Computing, University of Prince Mugrin, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037865550","display_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058224826","display_name":"Md. Mamunur Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-1181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mamunur Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021176930","display_name":"Stuart J. Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6480-7100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart J. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consumer and Organizational Digital Analytics (CODA) Research Centre, King\u2019s Business School, King\u2019s College London, London, U.K","Consumer and Organizational Digital Analytics (CODA) Research Centre, King's Business School, King's College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consumer and Organizational Digital Analytics (CODA) Research Centre, King\u2019s Business School, King\u2019s College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consumer and Organizational Digital Analytics (CODA) Research Centre, King's Business School, King's College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072017302","display_name":"Mohammed F. Alhamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed F. Alhamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84794936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"34874","last_page":"34884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.647683322429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6249522566795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.620046854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-therapy","display_name":"Occupational therapy","score":0.6154242157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6014230251312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4360748529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4240993857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3228995203971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2618967294692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18730521202087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.12411603331565857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.647683322429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6249522566795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.620046854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102190203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380141","display_name":"Occupational therapy","level":2,"score":0.6154242157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6014230251312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4360748529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4240993857383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3228995203971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2618967294692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18730521202087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.12411603331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08660564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/78f02a8e-5ce3-4e08-9356-4ef1f8454eed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/78f02a8e-5ce3-4e08-9356-4ef1f8454eed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rahman, M A, Hossain, M S, Rashid, M M, Barnes, S J, Alhamid, M F & Guizani, M 2019, 'A Blockchain-Based Non-Invasive Cyber-Physical Occupational Therapy Framework : BCI Perspective', IEEE Access, vol. 7, 8660564, pp. 34874-34884. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:211d08a7f1244156a0e73c1af1608bf4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/211d08a7f1244156a0e73c1af1608bf4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 34874-34884 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08660564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1435198553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISPP-121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338071","display_name":"Institute of Population and Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04dh0w640"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920756956.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920756956.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1204921424","https://openalex.org/W1673884943","https://openalex.org/W1980636884","https://openalex.org/W2089965635","https://openalex.org/W2090594055","https://openalex.org/W2092168252","https://openalex.org/W2111456493","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2127426962","https://openalex.org/W2140413964","https://openalex.org/W2171677163","https://openalex.org/W2172123890","https://openalex.org/W2328904857","https://openalex.org/W2339186317","https://openalex.org/W2402889825","https://openalex.org/W2481971061","https://openalex.org/W2524898498","https://openalex.org/W2527459118","https://openalex.org/W2563527109","https://openalex.org/W2566849112","https://openalex.org/W2580041548","https://openalex.org/W2592452790","https://openalex.org/W2603176690","https://openalex.org/W2745399905","https://openalex.org/W2765817727","https://openalex.org/W2767027007","https://openalex.org/W2768639074","https://openalex.org/W2768737342","https://openalex.org/W2783564803","https://openalex.org/W2784284407","https://openalex.org/W2786546908","https://openalex.org/W2790419611","https://openalex.org/W2792905157","https://openalex.org/W2795457048","https://openalex.org/W2811370686","https://openalex.org/W2819691368","https://openalex.org/W2894641499","https://openalex.org/W2896338146","https://openalex.org/W2897839226","https://openalex.org/W2899760261","https://openalex.org/W2899930323","https://openalex.org/W2901342540","https://openalex.org/W2901626219","https://openalex.org/W2913246999","https://openalex.org/W2915149867","https://openalex.org/W2915811296","https://openalex.org/W2918087949","https://openalex.org/W2962890799","https://openalex.org/W2963232339","https://openalex.org/W2963791186","https://openalex.org/W4327635359","https://openalex.org/W6756259896","https://openalex.org/W6756590901","https://openalex.org/W6944099290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"ElectroEncephaloGram":[1],"(EEG)":[2],"signals":[3,57,64,180],"allow":[4],"subjects":[5],"suffering":[6],"from":[7],"neuromuscular":[8],"disorders":[9],"to":[10,58,125,138,181],"interface":[11],"their":[12],"brains":[13],"with":[14,23,108,165,207],"the":[15,24,31,151,160,166,187,231,235],"cyber-physical":[16],"world,":[17],"occupational":[18,41,50,91,112,183,192],"therapy":[19,42,161,184,193,216],"can":[20,175],"be":[21],"enhanced":[22],"introduction":[25],"of":[26,49,87,110,130,150,168,195,233],"further":[27],"modalities":[28],"better":[29],"assist":[30],"disabled":[32,88],"person.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,93],"propose":[38],"an":[39,111,172],"in-home":[40,90],"environment,":[43],"which":[44,146,201],"leverages":[45],"a":[46,84,105,116,127,133,140,147,155,196,238],"rich":[47],"set":[48],"therapy-related":[51,113],"activity":[52],"recognition":[53],"modalities,":[54],"namely,":[55],"EEG":[56],"understand":[59],"brain":[60],"activity,":[61,67],"ElectroMyoGram":[62],"(EMG)":[63],"for":[65,70,103],"muscle":[66],"gesture-tracking":[68],"sensors":[69],"forward":[71,211],"and":[72,76,99,124,212,223],"inverse":[73,213],"kinematics":[74],"activities,":[75],"smart":[77,202],"home":[78,203],"appliance":[79],"control":[80],"sensors.":[81],"To":[82,120],"support":[83],"wide":[85],"variety":[86],"people's":[89],"therapy,":[92],"have":[94],"incorporated":[95],"both":[96],"selective":[97,141],"attention":[98],"motor":[100,170,178],"imagery":[101,179],"processes":[102],"mapping":[104],"mental":[106],"command":[107,114],"that":[109],"within":[115,186],"serious":[117,143,188,197],"game":[118,144,189,198],"environment.":[119,190,240],"attain":[121],"higher":[122,128],"accuracy":[123],"avoid":[126],"number":[129],"false":[131],"positives,":[132],"subject":[134,152],"is":[135],"first":[136],"recommended":[137],"use":[139,176],"attention-based":[142],"in":[145,200,237],"digital":[148],"avatar":[149],"acting":[153],"as":[154],"model":[156],"therapist":[157],"will":[158],"guide":[159],"session.":[162],"Once":[163],"familiar":[164],"generation":[167],"proper":[169],"imagery,":[171],"advanced":[173],"user":[174],"self-paced":[177],"perform":[182],"activities":[185,209],"The":[191,215,227],"consists":[194],"environment":[199],"appliances":[204],"are":[205],"mapped":[206],"therapeutic":[208],"through":[210,221],"kinematics.":[214],"data":[217],"has":[218],"been":[219],"secured":[220],"blockchain":[222],"off-chain-based":[224],"distributed":[225],"repositories.":[226],"test":[228],"results":[229],"show":[230],"viability":[232],"using":[234],"framework":[236],"clinical":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}