{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914235443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897781","title":"A Semi-Empirical Model Of Sea Clutter Based On Zero Memory Nonlinearity","display_name":"A Semi-Empirical Model Of Sea Clutter Based On Zero Memory Nonlinearity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914235443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897781","mag":"2914235443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08635516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08635516.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063404670","display_name":"Gengkun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-3431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengkun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-3431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046290995","display_name":"Jiancong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-1270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-1270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038013681","display_name":"Fuxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-2794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-2794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057907250","display_name":"Faming Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faming Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-7127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.9942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97297691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"18125","last_page":"18137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8169493675231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.543023943901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.5066407322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.49723270535469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4891567528247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.4636956453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3613022565841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35762646794319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3490270674228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2702712416648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22587141394615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19525563716888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17587578296661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8169493675231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.543023943901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.5066407322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.49723270535469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4891567528247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.4636956453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3613022565841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35762646794319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3490270674228668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2702712416648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22587141394615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19525563716888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17587578296661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08635516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98ef9423695b4e46a788b218628e0ae5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98ef9423695b4e46a788b218628e0ae5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 18125-18137 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2897781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897781","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08635516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604560114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1715724233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018MF001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2008991315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018MF009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2308981937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018MF009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2782574266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TDJH102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3050720223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018BD029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3274520935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3831424402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017RCJJ044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4104544943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017RCJJ046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4449529883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0831002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5309643146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334950","funder_display_name":"State Oceanic Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5625730669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017RCJJ046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","funder_display_name":"Shandong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6735682110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018MF001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G690538088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0831002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238666221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015TDJH102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8371251327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018MF001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329863","display_name":"Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334950","display_name":"State Oceanic Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05pxfr638"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914235443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914235443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504684514","https://openalex.org/W1516166929","https://openalex.org/W1559929095","https://openalex.org/W1669460851","https://openalex.org/W1966475972","https://openalex.org/W1967317889","https://openalex.org/W2001002012","https://openalex.org/W2044624424","https://openalex.org/W2068952490","https://openalex.org/W2100334916","https://openalex.org/W2107408144","https://openalex.org/W2109816616","https://openalex.org/W2117461093","https://openalex.org/W2120601426","https://openalex.org/W2140066159","https://openalex.org/W2149161981","https://openalex.org/W2149945074","https://openalex.org/W2154905504","https://openalex.org/W2156431682","https://openalex.org/W2169663230","https://openalex.org/W2315850812","https://openalex.org/W2535781760","https://openalex.org/W2600599204","https://openalex.org/W2626108635","https://openalex.org/W2678006417","https://openalex.org/W2744897211","https://openalex.org/W2750807375","https://openalex.org/W2783081782","https://openalex.org/W2790941188","https://openalex.org/W2800489235","https://openalex.org/W2801164810","https://openalex.org/W2809641498","https://openalex.org/W2894461105","https://openalex.org/W3099933121","https://openalex.org/W3114479333","https://openalex.org/W3115377128","https://openalex.org/W6642005310","https://openalex.org/W6682079672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044904198","https://openalex.org/W2119478278","https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W1994847014","https://openalex.org/W2241689872","https://openalex.org/W3150364945","https://openalex.org/W2982611369","https://openalex.org/W2965679811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0,263],"on":[1,80,207,239,264],"the":[2,15,52,54,69,81,89,100,110,114,119,125,133,137,141,146,152,163,166,196,214,220,225,232,246,250,254,258,270,276,289,293],"computer":[3],"simulation":[4,23,161],"technology":[5],"of":[6,18,31,40,56,71,84,109,139,145,159,165,182,235,292],"zero":[7,61],"memory":[8,62],"nonlinearity":[9,63],"(ZMNL),":[10],"this":[11,199,228,265,267],"paper":[12,200,229,268],"combines":[13,269],"with":[14,151,195],"backscattering":[16,27,233],"features":[17],"sea":[19,32,57,91,208,216,236,259,271,286],"clutter":[20,58,92,237,260,272],"and":[21,46,74,113,172,174,242,249,275],"conducts":[22],"for":[24,132],"four":[25,127],"typical":[26],"coefficient":[28,94,211],"empirical":[29],"models":[30,129],"clutter,":[33],"namely,":[34],"Technology":[35],"Service":[36],"Corporation,":[37],"Georgia":[38],"Institutes":[39],"Technology,":[41],"Hybrid":[42],"Sea":[43],"Clutter":[44],"Model,":[45],"Naval":[47],"Research":[48],"Laboratory.":[49],"According":[50],"to":[51,66,78,99,118,212,280],"results,":[53],"signals":[55],"simulated":[59,85],"by":[60,124],"are":[64,97,176,253],"able":[65],"well":[67],"satisfy":[68],"requirements":[70],"spectrum":[72,143,191],"characteristics":[73,83,96],"amplitude":[75],"distribution":[76,241],"according":[77],"experiments":[79],"fitting":[82,95],"signals.":[86],"After":[87],"that,":[88],"above-mentioned":[90],"scattering":[93,107,121,261],"applied":[98],"finite":[101],"difference":[102],"time":[103,188],"domain":[104,189],"(FDTD)":[105],"electromagnetic":[106],"equation":[108,144],"numerical":[111,157],"method,":[112],"optimal":[115],"recursive":[116],"solution":[117],"backward":[120],"area":[122],"fitted":[123],"above":[126,197],"semi-empirical":[128],"is":[130,149],"proposed":[131],"first":[134],"time.":[135],"Then,":[136],"method":[138],"discretizing":[140],"power":[142,190],"differential":[147],"form":[148,164],"combined":[150,194],"FDTD":[153],"discrete":[154,160],"form.":[155],"The":[156],"results":[158],"take":[162],"random":[167,240,284],"phase":[168],"\u03c9":[169],"between":[170],"0":[171],"2\u03c0":[173],"then":[175],"converted":[177],"into":[178],"a":[179,202,282],"basic":[180],"iteration":[181],"one-dimensional":[183],"rough":[184,285],"length,":[185],"thus":[186],"realizing":[187],"inversion.":[192],"Finally,":[193],"conclusions,":[198],"proposes":[201],"new":[203],"statistical":[204,222],"model":[205,274,279],"based":[206,238],"surface":[209,287],"backscatter":[210],"invert":[213],"two-dimensional":[215,283],"surface,":[217],"that":[218,245],"is,":[219],"three-parameter":[221],"model.":[223,262],"At":[224],"same":[226],"time,":[227],"further":[230],"deduces":[231],"function":[234,278],"points":[243],"out":[244],"incident":[247],"frequency":[248],"rubbing":[251],"angle":[252],"main":[255],"factors":[256],"affecting":[257],"conclusion,":[266],"estimation":[273],"directional":[277],"simulate":[281],"satisfying":[288],"physical":[290],"laws":[291],"ocean.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
