{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884387143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","title":"Split-and-Merge-Based Genetic Algorithm (SM-GA) for LEGO Brick Sculpture Optimization","display_name":"Split-and-Merge-Based Genetic Algorithm (SM-GA) for LEGO Brick Sculpture Optimization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884387143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","mag":"2884387143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2859039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052277981","display_name":"Seung\u2010Mok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Mok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea","[Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-1116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742650","display_name":"Jae Woo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-0180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Woo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","[Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059521863","display_name":"Hyun Myung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Myung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urban Robotics Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","[Urban Robotics Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-2026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban Robotics Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Urban Robotics Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67262679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"40429","last_page":"40438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.8698561787605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6617772579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.536115825176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brick","display_name":"Brick","score":0.5197489261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5036370158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.428935706615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sculpture","display_name":"Sculpture","score":0.4145844876766205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22325846552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.16517841815948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.145978182554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12949857115745544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.8698561787605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617772579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.536115825176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154226666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40089","display_name":"Brick","level":2,"score":0.5197489261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5036370158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.428935706615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67805463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11634","display_name":"Sculpture","level":2,"score":0.4145844876766205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22325846552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.16517841815948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.145978182554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12949857115745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2859039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e284be18d8d249a0b9ee16695967608b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e284be18d8d249a0b9ee16695967608b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 40429-40438 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2859039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4599482921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R0118-16-1003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/04xt5aa77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20664472","https://openalex.org/W73586918","https://openalex.org/W139013151","https://openalex.org/W592580758","https://openalex.org/W1963950210","https://openalex.org/W1974096800","https://openalex.org/W1981868188","https://openalex.org/W1982628527","https://openalex.org/W1991797953","https://openalex.org/W2025055828","https://openalex.org/W2091524827","https://openalex.org/W2138087610","https://openalex.org/W2144799474","https://openalex.org/W2166497406","https://openalex.org/W2199376851","https://openalex.org/W2398910633","https://openalex.org/W2793787064","https://openalex.org/W6600850457","https://openalex.org/W6603015513","https://openalex.org/W6605649861","https://openalex.org/W6681304487","https://openalex.org/W6687735199","https://openalex.org/W6749609699","https://openalex.org/W6806626251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356389597","https://openalex.org/W2071031442","https://openalex.org/W2090866203","https://openalex.org/W3095061390","https://openalex.org/W2365088710","https://openalex.org/W4312481230","https://openalex.org/W2473534767","https://openalex.org/W2325298190","https://openalex.org/W576869330","https://openalex.org/W2199376851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,10,21,34,41,103],"split-and-merge-based":[4],"genetic":[5],"algorithm":[6],"(SM-GA)":[7],"for":[8],"converting":[9],"given":[11,42],"3-D":[12,104],"voxel":[13,43],"model":[14,44],"into":[15],"an":[16],"LEGO":[17,110,138],"brick":[18,36,139],"sculpture":[19,106],"using":[20],"minimal":[22],"number":[23],"of":[24,68,84,92,102,108],"bricks.":[25],"The":[26],"proposed":[27,70,86,125],"SM-GA":[28,126],"is":[29,61,88,112,121,127],"designed":[30],"to":[31,56,136],"always":[32],"generate":[33],"feasible":[35],"layout":[37,60,140],"in":[38,130],"accordance":[39],"with":[40,90,115],"considering":[45],"the":[46,58,66,69,79,82,85,93,100,116,124,132,137],"stability":[47],"and":[48,73],"connectivity":[49],"between":[50],"layouts.":[51],"A":[52],"novel":[53],"split-and-merge":[54],"operator":[55],"find":[57],"optimal":[59,134],"also":[62],"proposed.":[63],"To":[64],"evaluate":[65],"effectiveness":[67],"approach,":[71,119],"computational":[72,80],"physical":[74,105],"experiments":[75],"are":[76],"performed.":[77],"In":[78],"experiments,":[81],"performance":[83],"approach":[87],"compared":[89],"that":[91,123],"most":[94],"recent":[95],"conventional":[96,117],"GA":[97],"approach.":[98],"Also,":[99],"result":[101],"made":[107],"real":[109],"bricks":[111],"presented.":[113],"Compared":[114],"GA-based":[118],"it":[120],"shown":[122],"more":[128],"effective":[129],"finding":[131],"near":[133],"solution":[135],"problem.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}