{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794395722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","title":"Acronyms as an Integral Part of Multi-Word Term Recognition \u2013 A Token of Appreciation","display_name":"Acronyms as an Integral Part of Multi-Word Term Recognition \u2013 A Token of Appreciation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794395722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","mag":"2794395722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2807122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016345745","display_name":"\u202aIrena Spasi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irena Spasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016345745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79930323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"8351","last_page":"8363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.825896680355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.765120804309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7501697540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5273414850234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41142261028289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4092251658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34371402859687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19715401530265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12867805361747742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.825896680355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765120804309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7501697540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5273414850234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41142261028289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4092251658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34371402859687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19715401530265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12867805361747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2807122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:109121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:652dbadd007f45aeabc9ac5d68d64774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/652dbadd007f45aeabc9ac5d68d64774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 8351-8363 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2807122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2807122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15359877","https://openalex.org/W22182018","https://openalex.org/W69333663","https://openalex.org/W90158706","https://openalex.org/W116705248","https://openalex.org/W154743792","https://openalex.org/W1484050045","https://openalex.org/W1499559602","https://openalex.org/W1501775720","https://openalex.org/W1525742988","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1539211164","https://openalex.org/W1558161485","https://openalex.org/W1601717103","https://openalex.org/W1606527432","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1656666520","https://openalex.org/W1829379010","https://openalex.org/W1835371444","https://openalex.org/W1933390880","https://openalex.org/W1944963667","https://openalex.org/W1945076080","https://openalex.org/W1980586944","https://openalex.org/W1986535287","https://openalex.org/W1989534258","https://openalex.org/W1991154713","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W2003458432","https://openalex.org/W2022146661","https://openalex.org/W2032898843","https://openalex.org/W2050949639","https://openalex.org/W2061167720","https://openalex.org/W2065507484","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2082179583","https://openalex.org/W2095588973","https://openalex.org/W2107434887","https://openalex.org/W2113304683","https://openalex.org/W2114420708","https://openalex.org/W2116040937","https://openalex.org/W2118658201","https://openalex.org/W2131598923","https://openalex.org/W2134189109","https://openalex.org/W2152429541","https://openalex.org/W2152966407","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2159882563","https://openalex.org/W2160732112","https://openalex.org/W2162234949","https://openalex.org/W2234028104","https://openalex.org/W2239231358","https://openalex.org/W2250978198","https://openalex.org/W2602714180","https://openalex.org/W2789167195","https://openalex.org/W2946105029","https://openalex.org/W3088846185","https://openalex.org/W3147159644","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4238541467","https://openalex.org/W4240541971","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600638696","https://openalex.org/W6602820865","https://openalex.org/W6604673131","https://openalex.org/W6606310175","https://openalex.org/W6632227520","https://openalex.org/W6636978527","https://openalex.org/W6638626501","https://openalex.org/W6638982399","https://openalex.org/W6648116614","https://openalex.org/W6656340344","https://openalex.org/W6658768019","https://openalex.org/W6682611004","https://openalex.org/W6691631803","https://openalex.org/W6771752040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W2997152889","https://openalex.org/W4385572700","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4385009901","https://openalex.org/W4285141722","https://openalex.org/W4387768015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Term":[0],"conflation":[1,116,143,151],"is":[2,32,124],"the":[3,11,100,114,141,147,153],"process":[4],"of":[5,10,55,66,72,88,102,121,137,149,155,160,186,191],"linking":[6],"together":[7],"different":[8],"variants":[9,21],"same":[12],"term.":[13],"In":[14,43,94],"automatic":[15],"term":[16,20,29,73,89,115,138,142,150,192],"recognition":[17,54,127],"approaches,":[18],"all":[19],"should":[22],"be":[23],"aggregated":[24],"into":[25,113,140],"a":[26,35,40,44,59,64,84],"single":[27,36],"normalized":[28],"representative,":[30],"which":[31,82],"associated":[33],"with":[34,134],"domain-specific":[37,60],"concept":[38],"as":[39,158],"latent":[41],"variable.":[42],"previous":[45],"study,":[46],"we":[47,97],"described":[48],"FlexiTerm,":[49],"an":[50],"unsupervised":[51],"method":[52],"for":[53],"multiword":[56],"terms":[57],"from":[58],"corpus.":[61],"It":[62],"uses":[63],"range":[65],"methods":[67],"to":[68,107],"normalize":[69],"three":[70],"types":[71,136],"variation":[74,139],"-":[75],"orthographic,":[76],"morphological,":[77],"and":[78,110],"syntactic":[79],"variations.":[80],"Acronyms,":[81],"represent":[83],"highly":[85],"productive":[86],"type":[87],"variation,":[90],"were":[91],"not":[92,125],"supported.":[93],"this":[95,122],"paper,":[96],"describe":[98],"how":[99],"functionality":[101],"FlexiTerm":[103],"has":[104],"been":[105],"extended":[106],"recognize":[108],"acronyms":[109,187],"incorporate":[111],"them":[112],"process.":[117,144],"The":[118],"main":[119],"contribution":[120],"paper":[123],"acronym":[126],"per":[128],"se,":[129],"but":[130],"rather":[131],"its":[132,161],"integration":[133,185],"other":[135],"We":[145],"evaluated":[146],"effects":[148],"in":[152],"context":[154],"information":[156],"retrieval":[157],"one":[159],"most":[162],"prominent":[163],"applications.":[164],"On":[165],"average,":[166],"relative":[167],"recall":[168],"increased":[169,177],"by":[170,178],"32":[171],"points,":[172],"whereas":[173],"index":[174],"compression":[175],"factor":[176],"7%":[179],"points.":[180],"Therefore,":[181],"evidence":[182],"suggests":[183],"that":[184],"provides":[188],"nontrivial":[189],"improvement":[190],"conflation.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}