{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097924526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/69.382304","title":"Unified integration of explicit knowledge and learning by example in recurrent networks","display_name":"Unified integration of explicit knowledge and learning by example in recurrent networks","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097924526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/69.382304","mag":"2097924526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/69.382304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/69.382304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027422071","display_name":"Paolo Frasconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Frasconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022658803","display_name":"Marco Gori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Gori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080411641","display_name":"Marco Maggini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-1265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Maggini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072297116","display_name":"G. Soda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Soda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universita di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Firenze Univ., Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027422071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98771055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"340","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8064242601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5577276945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5492479801177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-automata","display_name":"Learning automata","score":0.49093249440193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.47029373049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4189741015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38571739196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37404149770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2568913400173187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8064242601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5577276945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5492479801177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.49093249440193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.47029373049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4189741015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38571739196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37404149770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2568913400173187}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/69.382304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/69.382304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.7851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.7851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp-dsi.ing.unifi.it/pub/tech-reports/kl-nets.ieee.kde.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/373493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/373493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/31137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/31137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/36655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/36655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527177198","https://openalex.org/W1817451992","https://openalex.org/W1985367963","https://openalex.org/W1996741810","https://openalex.org/W1997449813","https://openalex.org/W1998878240","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2022740958","https://openalex.org/W2046432185","https://openalex.org/W2057653135","https://openalex.org/W2066402211","https://openalex.org/W2092495253","https://openalex.org/W2103420263","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2121553911","https://openalex.org/W2127230358","https://openalex.org/W2134331967","https://openalex.org/W2143503258","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W4244466371","https://openalex.org/W4254127125","https://openalex.org/W4302420581","https://openalex.org/W4399578987","https://openalex.org/W6676391964","https://openalex.org/W6869352519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2391251536","https://openalex.org/W2362198218","https://openalex.org/W2019521278","https://openalex.org/W2489338148","https://openalex.org/W2124961391","https://openalex.org/W576785828","https://openalex.org/W4388511637","https://openalex.org/W2074131991","https://openalex.org/W2733919410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proposes":[0],"a":[1,32,40,57],"novel":[2],"unified":[3],"approach":[4],"for":[5,64,72],"integrating":[6],"explicit":[7,17],"knowledge":[8,18],"and":[9,60],"learning":[10,48],"by":[11,21,38],"example":[12],"in":[13],"recurrent":[14],"networks.":[15],"The":[16],"is":[19,54,61],"represented":[20],"automaton":[22],"rules,":[23],"which":[24],"are":[25],"directly":[26],"injected":[27],"into":[28],"the":[29],"connections":[30],"of":[31,47,74],"network.":[33],"This":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"accomplished":[37],"using":[39],"technique":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43],"linear":[44],"programming,":[45],"instead":[46],"from":[49],"random":[50],"initial":[51],"weights.":[52],"Learning":[53],"conceived":[55],"as":[56],"refinement":[58],"process":[59],"mainly":[62],"responsible":[63],"uncertain":[65],"information":[66],"management.":[67],"We":[68],"present":[69],"preliminary":[70],"results":[71],"problems":[73],"automatic":[75],"speech":[76],"recognition.<":[77],"<ETX":[78],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">&gt;</ETX>":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
