{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985450361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.601096","title":"Internet 2: scaling up the backbone for R&amp;D","display_name":"Internet 2: scaling up the backbone for R&amp;D","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985450361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.601096","mag":"1985450361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/4236.601096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.601096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007591836","display_name":"F. Yeung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007591836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7940987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"36","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.8736000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.8736000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.8189201354980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-architecture-board","display_name":"Internet Architecture Board","score":0.7668020725250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6227400898933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-backbone","display_name":"Internet backbone","score":0.5888323187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.562651515007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.5380333065986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-transit","display_name":"Internet transit","score":0.5173027515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-sector","display_name":"Private sector","score":0.5000972747802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4800880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4176824688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.38598406314849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3228813707828522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32186681032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.2876523435115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.23080983757972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22358942031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22235199809074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.16775056719779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09143644571304321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.8189201354980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8025506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1667943","display_name":"Internet Architecture Board","level":3,"score":0.7668020725250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6227400898933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51274741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360517","display_name":"Internet backbone","level":4,"score":0.5888323187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.562651515007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5380333065986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174336149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3351533","display_name":"Internet transit","level":4,"score":0.5173027515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.5000972747802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4800880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4176824688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38598406314849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3228813707828522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32186681032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2876523435115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23080983757972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22358942031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22235199809074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.16775056719779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09143644571304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/4236.601096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.601096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W178896791","https://openalex.org/W2252804724","https://openalex.org/W3126108874","https://openalex.org/W2030160561","https://openalex.org/W1985450361","https://openalex.org/W2936380464","https://openalex.org/W2035004406","https://openalex.org/W1955559759","https://openalex.org/W2095702251","https://openalex.org/W2279149900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1996":[1],"universities":[2],"in":[3,73,110,116],"the":[4,34,39,43,56,61,67,80,87,96,119,124,128,131,136,140,149],"United":[5],"States":[6],"announced":[7],"a":[8,12],"plan":[9],"to":[10,37,69,118,148],"create":[11],"faster,":[13],"more":[14],"powerful":[15],"network":[16,40,157],"for":[17,92],"academic":[18],"purposes,":[19],"calling":[20,77],"their":[21],"project":[22,79,141],"Internet":[23,75,83,145],"2.":[24],"The":[25,133],"announcement":[26],"capped":[27],"work":[28],"from":[29],"several":[30],"meetings":[31],"held":[32],"over":[33],"previous":[35],"year":[36],"articulate":[38],"requirements":[41,46],"of":[42,127,130,139],"research":[44,98],"community,":[45],"that":[47],"participants":[48],"felt":[49],"would":[50],"likely":[51],"not":[52],"be":[53],"addressed":[54],"by":[55],"private":[57],"sector.":[58],"At":[59],"about":[60],"same":[62],"time,":[63],"President":[64],"Clinton":[65],"committed":[66],"government":[68,101],"spend":[70],"$100":[71],"million":[72],"developing":[74],"technology,":[76],"his":[78],"Next":[81],"Generation":[82],"Initiative":[84],"(NGII).":[85],"Thus,":[86],"groundwork":[88],"has":[89],"been":[90],"laid":[91],"another":[93],"collaboration":[94],"between":[95],"university":[97],"community":[99],"and":[100,114],"agencies.":[102],"Its":[103],"backers":[104],"hope":[105],"it":[106],"will":[107,143],"pay":[108],"off":[109],"advanced":[111],"applications":[112],"development":[113],"ultimately":[115],"transfer":[117],"commercial":[120],"sector,":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"overwhelming":[125],"impact":[126],"privatization":[129],"NSFnet.":[132],"paper":[134],"discusses":[135],"first":[137],"phase":[138],"which":[142],"implement":[144],"2":[146],"connections":[147],"National":[150],"Science":[151],"Foundation's":[152],"very":[153],"high":[154],"speed":[155],"backbone":[156],"service.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
