{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2623080722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","title":"Blockchain-enabled spectrum access in cognitive radio networks","display_name":"Blockchain-enabled spectrum access in cognitive radio networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2623080722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","mag":"2623080722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066418408","display_name":"Khashayar Kotobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-2176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khashayar Kotobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026524985","display_name":"Sven G. Bil\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-7039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven G. Bilen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066418408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98069921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8391677737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8291207551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7130686044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5723773241043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5216377377510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.519728422164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.4454463720321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.43320363759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3874571919441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.38350963592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21696853637695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16411536931991577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8391677737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8291207551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7130686044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5723773241043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5216377377510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.519728422164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.4454463720321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43320363759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3874571919441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.38350963592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21696853637695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16411536931991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2017.7943523","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12049557","https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1599854620","https://openalex.org/W1968564513","https://openalex.org/W1997911919","https://openalex.org/W2002725369","https://openalex.org/W2138023935","https://openalex.org/W2160638522","https://openalex.org/W2170241196","https://openalex.org/W2170385943","https://openalex.org/W2171671264","https://openalex.org/W2203673386","https://openalex.org/W2208907531","https://openalex.org/W2278865642","https://openalex.org/W2560447085","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6649926610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2900357845","https://openalex.org/W3080917662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,136],"a":[5,10,28,42,57,74,104],"blockchain":[6,78,100],"verification":[7],"protocol":[8,31,79,172],"as":[9,27,103],"method":[11],"for":[12,32,47,65],"enabling":[13],"and":[14,85,88,93,114,129],"securing":[15],"spectrum":[16,67,176],"sharing":[17],"in":[18,73,143,173],"cognitive":[19,38,151],"radio":[20],"networks.":[21],"The":[22,77,99,123],"spectrum-sharing":[23],"mechanism":[24,54],"is":[25,60,89,108],"used":[26,90],"medium":[29,170],"access":[30,50,171],"accessing":[33],"wireless":[34],"bandwidth":[35],"among":[36],"competing":[37],"radios.":[39],"We":[40,135,157],"introduce":[41],"virtual":[43,97],"currency,":[44],"called":[45,127],"\u201cSpecoins\u201d,":[46],"payment":[48],"to":[49,91,119,139,145,166],"spectrum.":[51],"An":[52],"auction":[53],"based":[55],"on":[56],"first-come-first-served":[58],"queue":[59],"used,":[61],"with":[62,133],"the":[63,66,81,121,141,159,162,167],"price":[64],"advertised":[68],"by":[69,110,150],"each":[70,95],"primary":[71,84],"user":[72],"decentralized":[75],"fashion.":[76],"facilitates":[80],"transactions":[82],"between":[83],"secondary":[86],"users,":[87],"validate":[92],"save":[94],"user's":[96],"wallet.":[98],"also":[101],"serves":[102],"distributed":[105],"database":[106],"that":[107,153],"visible":[109],"all":[111],"participating":[112],"parties":[113],"any":[115],"node":[116],"can":[117],"volunteer":[118,124],"update":[120],"blockchain.":[122],"nodes":[125],"are":[126,131,154],"miners":[128],"they":[130],"awarded":[132],"Specoins.":[134],"diverse":[137],"methods":[138],"exchange":[140],"Specoins":[142],"order":[144],"make":[146],"leasing":[147],"possible":[148],"even":[149],"radios":[152],"not":[155],"miners.":[156],"show":[158],"improvement":[160],"of":[161,175],"proposed":[163],"algorithm":[164],"compared":[165],"conventional":[168],"Aloha":[169],"terms":[174],"usage.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
