{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108688317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","title":"Experimental optical code-division multiple access system for visible light communications","display_name":"Experimental optical code-division multiple access system for visible light communications","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108688317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","mag":"2108688317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014100695","display_name":"Marcos F. Guerra-Medina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos F. Guerra-Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009159768","display_name":"Borja Rojas-Guillama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borja Rojas-Guillama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021114130","display_name":"O. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9541-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oswaldo Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Fundamental and Experimental Physics, Electronics and Systems, University of La Laguna, 38203, Av. Astrof\u00edsico Fco. S\u00e1nchez, S/N, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103540542","display_name":"Jesus A. Martin-Gonzalez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus A. Martin-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063021360","display_name":"Enrique Poves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-0995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Poves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033431625","display_name":"F.J. L\u00f3pez\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Lopez-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Photonics Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040, Av. Complutense, S/N, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80548924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronism","display_name":"Synchronism","score":0.8750108480453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.8492497801780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7433708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.6852153539657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5157911777496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4987483024597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.48385918140411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.44572460651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4357936680316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4344819188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3068711757659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22498032450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19191503524780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.17203107476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15895435214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13085365295410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1101551353931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10934355854988098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779853468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662139","display_name":"Synchronism","level":3,"score":0.8750108480453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.8492497801780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7433708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6852153539657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5157911777496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4987483024597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48385918140411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.44572460651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4357936680316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4344819188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3068711757659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22498032450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19191503524780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.17203107476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15895435214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13085365295410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1101551353931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10934355854988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wts.2011.5960840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976642854","https://openalex.org/W2015767978","https://openalex.org/W2052602177","https://openalex.org/W2101898347","https://openalex.org/W2102354159","https://openalex.org/W2106608167","https://openalex.org/W2118428934","https://openalex.org/W2122299882","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2153566626","https://openalex.org/W2167026139","https://openalex.org/W4248833043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983061560","https://openalex.org/W2416006047","https://openalex.org/W2005045183","https://openalex.org/W2374890742","https://openalex.org/W2377402005","https://openalex.org/W2103007746","https://openalex.org/W2357137319","https://openalex.org/W1602263140","https://openalex.org/W1674620623","https://openalex.org/W2392344754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,70],"optical":[1,24],"code-division":[2],"multiple":[3],"access":[4],"system":[5],"(OCDMA)":[6],"is":[7,17,56,61],"presented":[8],"for":[9],"visible":[10],"light":[11],"communications":[12],"(VLC).":[13],"The":[14,50],"OCDMA":[15],"scheme":[16],"based":[18],"on":[19],"the":[20,67,102,109],"recently":[21],"proposed":[22],"random":[23],"codes":[25],"(ROC),":[26],"which":[27,60,76,105],"do":[28],"not":[29],"present":[30],"optimal":[31],"correlation":[32],"properties":[33],"but":[34],"are":[35,48],"characterized":[36],"by":[37,66,101],"their":[38],"ease":[39],"of":[40,45],"generation":[41],"when":[42,53],"large":[43],"number":[44],"simultaneous":[46],"users":[47],"considered.":[49],"synchronism":[51],"mechanism":[52],"using":[54],"ROCs":[55],"an":[57],"important":[58],"issue":[59],"adequately":[62],"addressed":[63],"and":[64],"solved":[65],"designed":[68],"system.":[69],"experimental":[71],"prototype":[72],"has":[73],"been":[74],"developed":[75],"allows":[77],"us":[78],"to":[79],"transmit":[80],"medium-quality":[81],"audio":[82],"data":[83],"from":[84],"several":[85],"emitting":[86],"sources":[87],"simultaneously":[88],"through":[89],"different":[90,93],"channels":[91],"(using":[92],"codes),":[94],"obtaining":[95],"a":[96],"practically":[97],"error-free":[98],"reception":[99],"(imperceptible":[100],"human":[103],"ear)":[104],"perfectly":[106],"agrees":[107],"with":[108],"theoretical":[110],"analysis.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}