{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391382569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462","title":"Incorporation of Military Doctrines and Objectives into an AI Agent Via Natural Language and Reward in Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Incorporation of Military Doctrines and Objectives into an AI Agent Via Natural Language and Reward in Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391382569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005588337","display_name":"Michael M\u00f6bius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092601","display_name":"Dornier (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004np0e76","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M\u00f6bius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042180164","display_name":"Daniel Kallfass","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092601","display_name":"Dornier (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004np0e76","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kallfass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048168629","display_name":"Matthias Flock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092601","display_name":"Dornier (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/004np0e76","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Flock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space GmbH,Dept. Operational Analysis and Studies Claude-Dornier-Strasse,Immenstaad,Germany,88090","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092601","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043586065","display_name":"Thomas Doll","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Doll","raw_affiliation_strings":["UAbt PlgStrg/Int,Joint Support Service Command Abt Plg,Bonn,Germany,53123"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UAbt PlgStrg/Int,Joint Support Service Command Abt Plg,Bonn,Germany,53123","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012917915","display_name":"Dietmar Kunde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152969","display_name":"Bundeswehr","ror":"https://ror.org/00nmgny79","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dietmar Kunde","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Army Headquarters von-Hardenberg-Kaserne,Strausberg,Germany,15344"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Army Headquarters von-Hardenberg-Kaserne,Strausberg,Germany,15344","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76469169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2357","last_page":"2367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8246720433235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6797492504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5827804803848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5391033887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doctrine","display_name":"Doctrine","score":0.5140763521194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4721115827560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.4531153440475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-agent","display_name":"Intelligent agent","score":0.4498341977596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4215981066226959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22615143656730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10217681527137756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8246720433235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797492504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5827804803848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5391033887863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.5140763521194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4721115827560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.4531153440475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.4498341977596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4215981066226959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22615143656730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10217681527137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc60868.2023.10408462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2159375292","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2998106530","https://openalex.org/W3081310128","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3141505642","https://openalex.org/W3145555567","https://openalex.org/W3156543906","https://openalex.org/W3183523878","https://openalex.org/W3191738967","https://openalex.org/W3213497274","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4292956700","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4306999448","https://openalex.org/W4317792304","https://openalex.org/W4323921952","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6780559895","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6797394732","https://openalex.org/W6842321579","https://openalex.org/W6846310611","https://openalex.org/W6850403265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367925007","https://openalex.org/W4288263119","https://openalex.org/W3015724364","https://openalex.org/W2967994095","https://openalex.org/W4285240985","https://openalex.org/W2900126711","https://openalex.org/W4286930972","https://openalex.org/W3202115945","https://openalex.org/W2542958340","https://openalex.org/W4389520438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,96,130],"paper":[1,57],"emphasizes":[2],"the":[3,10,18,89,93,106,116,138,142],"integration":[4,118],"of":[5,12,20,25,29,45,108,119,146],"sound":[6],"tactical":[7,46],"behavior":[8],"in":[9,33,55,137],"generation":[11],"realistic":[13],"military":[14,147],"simulations,":[15],"which":[16],"includes":[17],"definition":[19],"combat":[21,51],"tactics,":[22],"doctrine,":[23],"rules":[24,145],"engagement,":[26],"and":[27,68,83,92,102,144],"concepts":[28],"operations.":[30,148],"Recent":[31],"advances":[32],"reinforcement":[34],"learning":[35,63],"(RL)":[36],"enable":[37,123],"RL":[38,134],"agents":[39],"to":[40,58,80,85,99,122,126,140],"generate":[41],"a":[42,61,73],"wide":[43],"range":[44],"actions.":[47],"A":[48],"multi-agent":[49],"ground":[50],"scenario":[52],"is":[53,78],"used":[54,79],"this":[56],"demonstrate":[59],"how":[60],"machine":[62],"(ML)":[64],"application":[65],"generates":[66],"strategies":[67],"issues":[69],"commands":[70],"while":[71],"following":[72],"given":[74],"objective.":[75],"Natural":[76],"language":[77,121],"issue":[81],"doctrines":[82,104,143],"objectives":[84,101],"improve":[86],"communication":[87],"between":[88],"human":[90],"advisor":[91],"ML":[94],"agent.":[95],"allows":[97],"us":[98],"embed":[100],"existing":[103],"into":[105],"reasoning":[107],"an":[109,124],"artificial":[110],"intelligence":[111],"(AI).":[112],"The":[113],"research":[114],"demonstrates":[115],"successful":[117],"natural":[120],"agent":[125],"achieve":[127],"different":[128],"objectives.":[129],"groundwork":[131],"will":[132],"enhance":[133],"agents'":[135],"ability":[136],"future":[139],"uphold":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}