{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317792421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421","title":"Automatic Differentiation for Gradient Estimators in Simulation","display_name":"Automatic Differentiation for Gradient Estimators in Simulation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317792421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032688557","display_name":"Matthew T. Ford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0309-2900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew T. Ford","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University,Ithaca,NY,USA,14853"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University,Ithaca,NY,USA,14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075933702","display_name":"Shane G. Henderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane G. Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University,Ithaca,NY,USA,14853"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University,Ithaca,NY,USA,14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029732249","display_name":"David J. Eckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-6434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Eckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&#x0026;M University, 3131 TAMU,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&#x0026;M University, 3131 TAMU,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90528415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3134","last_page":"3145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13286","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation Systems","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7673357129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-differentiation","display_name":"Automatic differentiation","score":0.7423390746116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7310789823532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5536987781524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5457742214202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5087202191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinitesimal","display_name":"Infinitesimal","score":0.5073577761650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48793908953666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-software","display_name":"Simulation software","score":0.44452381134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4256003499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-differentiation","display_name":"Numerical differentiation","score":0.4190012514591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40422654151916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3803093433380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34688133001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3420528173446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32683372497558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28997141122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13525483012199402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7673357129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133512626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787371","display_name":"Automatic differentiation","level":3,"score":0.7423390746116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310789823532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5536987781524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5457742214202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5087202191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91229774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193885","display_name":"Infinitesimal","level":2,"score":0.5073577761650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48793908953666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91757755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11121294","display_name":"Simulation software","level":3,"score":0.44452381134033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4256003499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154181440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1683292","display_name":"Numerical differentiation","level":2,"score":0.4190012514591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40422654151916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3803093433380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34688133001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3420528173446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32683372497558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28997141122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13525483012199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593494339","https://openalex.org/W1825688215","https://openalex.org/W1977417413","https://openalex.org/W2000050212","https://openalex.org/W2031415032","https://openalex.org/W2045126306","https://openalex.org/W2046765929","https://openalex.org/W2098605271","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2476488435","https://openalex.org/W2478429860","https://openalex.org/W2503725246","https://openalex.org/W2729788879","https://openalex.org/W2752924158","https://openalex.org/W2890411254","https://openalex.org/W2911495555","https://openalex.org/W2962727772","https://openalex.org/W2962994101","https://openalex.org/W2973630992","https://openalex.org/W3147057208","https://openalex.org/W4211042066","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4238200590","https://openalex.org/W4394649112","https://openalex.org/W6638908295","https://openalex.org/W6696727771","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6768192809","https://openalex.org/W6784424872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230546540","https://openalex.org/W2553993726","https://openalex.org/W1543341614","https://openalex.org/W2593872707","https://openalex.org/W2039953621","https://openalex.org/W1966050627","https://openalex.org/W2026155714","https://openalex.org/W1738251596","https://openalex.org/W2390741385","https://openalex.org/W4254216217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"differentiation":[1],"(AD)":[2],"can":[3],"provide":[4,75],"infinitesimal":[5],"perturbation":[6],"analysis":[7],"(IPA)":[8],"derivative":[9],"estimates":[10],"directly":[11],"from":[12],"simulation":[13,52],"code.":[14,36,53],"These":[15],"gradient":[16],"estimators":[17],"are":[18],"simple":[19],"to":[20,31,41,66,72,84],"obtain":[21],"analytically,":[22],"at":[23],"least":[24],"in":[25,35,90],"principle,":[26],"but":[27],"may":[28],"be":[29,85],"tedious":[30],"derive":[32],"and":[33,74],"implement":[34],"AD":[37,60,70,89],"software":[38],"tools":[39,71],"aim":[40],"ease":[42],"this":[43],"workload":[44],"by":[45],"requiring":[46],"little":[47],"more":[48],"than":[49],"writing":[50],"the":[51,79],"We":[54],"review":[55],"considerations":[56],"when":[57,87],"choosing":[58],"an":[59],"tool":[61],"for":[62],"simulation,":[63,73],"demonstrate":[64],"how":[65],"apply":[67],"some":[68],"specific":[69],"insightful":[76],"experiments":[77],"highlighting":[78],"effects":[80],"of":[81],"different":[82],"choices":[83],"made":[86],"applying":[88],"simulation.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
