{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317815222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420","title":"Validation of Digital Twins: Challenges and Opportunities","display_name":"Validation of Digital Twins: Challenges and Opportunities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317815222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607869","display_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040407611","display_name":"Edward Y. Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44896327","display_name":"Mitre (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks2a131","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Y. Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["The MITRE Corporation,McLean,VA,USA,22102"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MITRE Corporation,McLean,VA,USA,22102","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062289442","display_name":"Sanja Lazarova\u2010Molnar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanja Lazarova-Molnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal, Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,GERMANY,76133"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal, Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,GERMANY,76133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039239786","display_name":"Deena P. Francis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-1028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deena P. Francis","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark,Kongens Lyngby,DENMARK,2800"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark,Kongens Lyngby,DENMARK,2800","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2900","last_page":"2911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7954978942871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7326971888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.6978026032447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47381678223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4404875934123993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"Model validation","score":0.4375017285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3708348870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11032995581626892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7954978942871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7326971888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.6978026032447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47381678223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4404875934123993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019813237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65089264","display_name":"Model validation","level":2,"score":0.4375017285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3708348870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11032995581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc57314.2022.10015420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607869","display_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/d3c4c924-85d0-406d-a31e-46b2c562e47c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/d3c4c924-85d0-406d-a31e-46b2c562e47c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hua, E Y, Lazarova-Molnar, S & Francis, D P 2022, Validation of Digital Twins : Challenges and Opportunities. in B Feng, G Pedrielli, Y Peng, S Shashaani, E Song, C G Corlu, L H Lee, E P Chew, T Roeder & P Lendermann (eds), Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2022. IEEE, Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference, vol. 2022-December, pp. 2900-2911, 2022 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2022, Singapore, Singapore, 11/12/2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015420","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5f25b372-a555-429c-bf9a-df92559a12f1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/5f25b372-a555-429c-bf9a-df92559a12f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hua , E Y , Lazarova-Molnar , S & Francis , D P 2023 , Validation of Digital Twins : Challenges and Opportunities . in Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2022 . IEEE , pp. 2900-2911 , 2022 Winter Simulation Conference , Singapore , Singapore , 11/12/2022 . https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015420","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28120284","https://openalex.org/W1608087281","https://openalex.org/W1895146444","https://openalex.org/W1969240525","https://openalex.org/W1993161846","https://openalex.org/W2006772343","https://openalex.org/W2024766912","https://openalex.org/W2091230023","https://openalex.org/W2096557408","https://openalex.org/W2112640524","https://openalex.org/W2144946338","https://openalex.org/W2151716009","https://openalex.org/W2492303674","https://openalex.org/W2797653139","https://openalex.org/W2900010927","https://openalex.org/W2945483984","https://openalex.org/W2973496471","https://openalex.org/W2973735791","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W2990325977","https://openalex.org/W3007506701","https://openalex.org/W3014048166","https://openalex.org/W3024298461","https://openalex.org/W3092253435","https://openalex.org/W3092425344","https://openalex.org/W3102615744","https://openalex.org/W3105807039","https://openalex.org/W3111668058","https://openalex.org/W3112907159","https://openalex.org/W3126286629","https://openalex.org/W3134459272","https://openalex.org/W3167174133","https://openalex.org/W3167870516","https://openalex.org/W4200612054","https://openalex.org/W4206215309","https://openalex.org/W4206762216","https://openalex.org/W4213452347","https://openalex.org/W4231214946","https://openalex.org/W4231434133","https://openalex.org/W4233497471","https://openalex.org/W4234322626","https://openalex.org/W4245831538","https://openalex.org/W6601168801","https://openalex.org/W6674468144","https://openalex.org/W6676883669","https://openalex.org/W6722626487","https://openalex.org/W6777152054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120463682","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W4226138107","https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3198612750","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W4289529394","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W3213768676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"twins":[1],"enjoy":[2],"increasing":[3],"interest":[4],"in":[5],"a":[6,37,44,73,110],"diverse":[7],"array":[8],"of":[9,25,33,66,76,103,126],"industrial":[10],"sectors,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,36],"manufacturing,":[14],"healthcare,":[15],"urban":[16],"planning,":[17],"etc.":[18],"Their":[19],"usefulness":[20],"depends":[21],"on":[22],"the":[23,26,34,64,87],"robustness":[24],"corresponding":[27],"digital":[28,61,78,91,104],"twin":[29,79,105],"models;":[30],"however,":[31],"validation":[32,49,89,107,114],"model,":[35],"mean":[38],"to":[39,52,56,60,99,113],"ensure":[40],"models'":[41],"robustness,":[42],"is":[43],"difficult":[45],"problem.":[46],"Moreover,":[47],"traditional":[48],"approaches":[50],"need":[51],"undergo":[53],"significant":[54],"transformation":[55],"be":[57],"made":[58],"applicable":[59],"twins.":[62,92],"To":[63],"best":[65],"our":[67],"knowledge,":[68],"there":[69],"has":[70],"not":[71],"been":[72],"systematic":[74,111],"treatment":[75],"validating":[77],"models.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"identifies":[83],"several":[84],"challenges":[85],"facing":[86],"model":[88,106],"within":[90],"Furthermore,":[93],"we":[94],"propose":[95],"an":[96],"initial":[97],"framework":[98],"define":[100],"basic":[101],"rules":[102],"and":[108,120],"introduce":[109],"approach":[112],"that":[115],"seamlessly":[116],"combines":[117],"expert":[118],"knowledge":[119],"data":[121],"gathered":[122],"from":[123],"available":[124],"Internet":[125],"Things":[127],"(IoT)":[128],"devices.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}