{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213440810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288","title":"Flat Chance! Using Stochastic Gradient Estimators to Assess Plausible Optimality for Convex Functions","display_name":"Flat Chance! Using Stochastic Gradient Estimators to Assess Plausible Optimality for Convex Functions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213440810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029732249","display_name":"David J. Eckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-6434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Eckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,USA,77843","Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&#x0026"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086680431","display_name":"Matthew Plumlee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-3288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Plumlee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA,60208"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA,60208","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026731126","display_name":"Barry L. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-2624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry L. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA,60208"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA,60208","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45806013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.831058144569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7546169757843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7425090670585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7355407476425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.6029109954833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5943581461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5329495668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.47040921449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4695608913898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-function","display_name":"Convex function","score":0.44786587357521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42269617319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1688932180404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1611822247505188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.831058144569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7546169757843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7425090670585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7355407476425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.6029109954833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5943581461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5329495668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.47040921449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4695608913898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.44786587357521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42269617319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1688932180404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1611822247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc52266.2021.9715288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5140787347","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Adaptive Gaussian Markov Random Fields for Large-scale Discrete Optimization via Simulation","funder_award_id":"1854562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593494339","https://openalex.org/W1825688215","https://openalex.org/W1975273219","https://openalex.org/W2006036383","https://openalex.org/W2029185001","https://openalex.org/W2065233986","https://openalex.org/W2066662317","https://openalex.org/W2093229042","https://openalex.org/W2100851059","https://openalex.org/W2596709491","https://openalex.org/W2979848134","https://openalex.org/W3140696046","https://openalex.org/W4210474094","https://openalex.org/W4230727635","https://openalex.org/W4233445212","https://openalex.org/W4249991458","https://openalex.org/W4300632484","https://openalex.org/W6735043530","https://openalex.org/W6735886993","https://openalex.org/W6807249049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964872188","https://openalex.org/W2912909874","https://openalex.org/W4288573727","https://openalex.org/W2494876756","https://openalex.org/W2768754015","https://openalex.org/W2981448761","https://openalex.org/W257189624","https://openalex.org/W2393350255","https://openalex.org/W4390176194","https://openalex.org/W4387635768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"methods":[3,47,59],"that":[4,57,73],"identify":[5],"plausibly":[6],"near-optimal":[7],"solutions":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10,41],"simulation":[11],"results":[12],"obtained":[13],"from":[14],"only":[15,50],"a":[16,38,51],"small":[17],"subset":[18],"of":[19,28,32,53],"feasible":[20],"solutions.":[21],"We":[22,55],"do":[23,74],"so":[24],"by":[25],"making":[26],"use":[27],"both":[29],"noisy":[30],"estimates":[31],"performance":[33,43],"and":[34],"their":[35],"gradients.":[36],"Under":[37],"convexity":[39],"assumption":[40],"the":[42],"function,":[44],"these":[45,58],"inference":[46,64],"involve":[48],"checking":[49],"system":[52],"inequalities.":[54],"find":[56],"can":[60],"yield":[61],"more":[62],"powerful":[63],"at":[65],"less":[66],"computational":[67],"expense":[68],"compared":[69],"to":[70],"methodological":[71],"predecessors":[72],"not":[75],"leverage":[76],"stochastic":[77],"gradient":[78],"estimators.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}