{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237502808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379","title":"Simulating political and attack dynamics of the 2007 Estonian cyber attacks","display_name":"Simulating political and attack dynamics of the 2007 Estonian cyber attacks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237502808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607936","display_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1364997","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045356775","display_name":"Asmeret Naugle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-9049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asmeret Bier Naugle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Sciences and Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Sciences and Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067797706","display_name":"Michael L. Bernard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Sciences and Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Sciences and Systems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023034519","display_name":"Itamara Lochard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itamara Lochard","raw_affiliation_strings":["C4I & Cyber Center of Excellence, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C4I & Cyber Center of Excellence, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045356775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78346856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3500","last_page":"3509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9296000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6586006283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6454008221626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5598985552787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estonian","display_name":"Estonian","score":0.548888623714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"Cyber threats","score":0.5417277812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5253517031669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47430041432380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.41215765476226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.32998836040496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.30864429473876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2406052052974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1086152195930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07927671074867249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6586006283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6454008221626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5598985552787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776092919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072","display_name":"Estonian","level":2,"score":0.548888623714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.5417277812957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5253517031669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47430041432380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.41215765476226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32998836040496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30864429473876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2406052052974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1086152195930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07927671074867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607936","display_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1364997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1364997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1364997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1364997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14110714","https://openalex.org/W189376932","https://openalex.org/W2990680706","https://openalex.org/W4235987449","https://openalex.org/W6770167634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555924552","https://openalex.org/W2483134411","https://openalex.org/W2970103878","https://openalex.org/W3092317133","https://openalex.org/W4379520044","https://openalex.org/W4237028562","https://openalex.org/W2102248890","https://openalex.org/W2275097958","https://openalex.org/W4316007230","https://openalex.org/W3113881915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"Republic":[1],"of":[2,7,57,127,137,152],"Estonia":[3,47],"faced":[4],"a":[5,54,70,95,124],"series":[6],"cyber":[8,30,50,91,122],"attacks":[9,59],"and":[10,20,31,44,77,101,110,133],"riots":[11],"in":[12,48],"2007":[13],"that":[14],"seemed":[15],"to":[16,28,41,60,75,98,113,121,129,141],"be":[17,94,105],"highly":[18],"coordinated":[19],"politically":[21],"motivated,":[22],"causing":[23],"short-lived":[24],"but":[25],"substantial":[26],"impact":[27],"Estonia's":[29],"economic":[32],"systems.":[33],"Short-term":[34],"harm":[35],"from":[36,81],"these":[37,58,138],"hybrid":[38],"incidents":[39],"led":[40],"long-term":[42],"improvements":[43],"leadership":[45],"by":[46],"the":[49,67,135,149,153],"arena.":[51],"We":[52],"created":[53],"causal":[55],"model":[56,65],"simulate":[61,78],"their":[62],"dynamics.":[63],"uses":[66],"DYMATICA":[68],"framework,":[69],"cognitive-system":[71],"dynamics":[72],"structure":[73],"used":[74],"quantify":[76],"elicited":[79],"information":[80,108],"subject":[82],"matter":[83],"experts.":[84],"This":[85],"historical":[86],"case":[87],"study":[88],"underscores":[89],"how":[90,102,128],"warfare":[92],"can":[93,104],"major":[96],"threat":[97],"modern":[99],"society,":[100],"it":[103],"combined":[106],"with":[107],"operations":[109],"kinetic":[111],"effects":[112],"create":[114],"further":[115],"disruption.":[116],"Given":[117],"states'":[118],"potential":[119],"vulnerability":[120],"attacks,":[123],"deeper":[125],"understanding":[126],"analyze,":[130],"prevent,":[131],"defend,":[132],"utilize":[134],"aftermath":[136],"for":[139],"improvement":[140],"systems":[142],"is":[143,146],"critical,":[144],"as":[145],"insight":[147],"into":[148],"fundamental":[150],"rationale":[151],"outcomes.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}