{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230789045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341","title":"Approximate dynamic programming algorithms for United States Air Force officer sustainment","display_name":"Approximate dynamic programming algorithms for United States Air Force officer sustainment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230789045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607936","display_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072148022","display_name":"Joseph C. Hoecherl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089612","display_name":"United States Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph C. Hoecherl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Headquarters, United States Air Force, Joint Base Andrews, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Headquarters, United States Air Force, Joint Base Andrews, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015349623","display_name":"Matthew J. Robbins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-6839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018634998","display_name":"Raymond R. Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-8362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond R. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089727614","display_name":"Darryl K. Ahner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl K. Ahner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operational Sciences, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072148022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089612"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51915456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3075","last_page":"3086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/officer","display_name":"Officer","score":0.781532883644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6420744061470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accession","display_name":"Accession","score":0.5515621900558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5511160492897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","score":0.5435324907302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5333540439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5324355959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5293570160865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.5050979256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4190137982368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.41133877635002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2742169499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20350942015647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1860572099685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18172350525856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15325897932052612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.781532883644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6420744061470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567586","display_name":"Accession","level":3,"score":0.5515621900558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5511160492897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.5435324907302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5333540439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5324355959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5293570160865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5050979256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4190137982368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.41133877635002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2742169499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20350942015647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1860572099685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18172350525856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15325897932052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607936","display_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605638715","https://openalex.org/W1645902989","https://openalex.org/W1990482617","https://openalex.org/W2012376810","https://openalex.org/W2072931156","https://openalex.org/W2074012861","https://openalex.org/W2147107304","https://openalex.org/W2157319206","https://openalex.org/W4243645092","https://openalex.org/W4298851782","https://openalex.org/W6636255209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397656766","https://openalex.org/W2904076065","https://openalex.org/W2115627244","https://openalex.org/W2117282672","https://openalex.org/W2156992384","https://openalex.org/W4211224558","https://openalex.org/W2245453086","https://openalex.org/W4205872880","https://openalex.org/W2120039432","https://openalex.org/W2199915224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,53],"consider":[1],"the":[2,11,29,32,49,71,118,125,130],"problem":[3,72],"of":[4,70],"making":[5],"accession":[6],"and":[7,90],"promotion":[8],"decisions":[9,20,40],"in":[10],"United":[12],"States":[13],"Air":[14],"Force":[15],"officer":[16],"sustainment":[17,119],"system.":[18],"Accession":[19],"determine":[21,41,98],"how":[22,42],"many":[23,43],"officers":[24,44],"should":[25,45],"be":[26,46],"hired":[27],"into":[28],"system":[30],"at":[31],"lowest":[33],"grade":[34],"for":[35],"each":[36],"career":[37],"specialty.":[38],"Promotion":[39],"promoted":[47],"to":[48,60,97,103],"next":[50],"highest":[51],"grade.":[52],"formulate":[54],"a":[55,111],"Markov":[56],"decision":[57],"process":[58],"model":[59],"examine":[61],"this":[62,75],"military":[63],"workforce":[64],"planning":[65],"problem.":[66],"The":[67],"large":[68],"size":[69],"instance":[73],"motivating":[74],"research":[76],"suggests":[77],"that":[78],"classical":[79],"exact":[80],"dynamic":[81,93],"programming":[82,94],"methods":[83],"are":[84],"inappropriate.":[85],"As":[86],"such,":[87],"we":[88],"develop":[89],"test":[91],"approximate":[92],"(ADP)":[95],"algorithms":[96],"high-quality":[99],"personnel":[100],"policies":[101],"relative":[102],"current":[104],"practice.":[105],"Our":[106],"best":[107],"ADP":[108],"algorithm":[109],"attains":[110],"statistically":[112],"significant":[113],"2.8":[114],"percent":[115],"improvement":[116],"over":[117],"line":[120],"policy":[121],"currently":[122],"employed":[123],"by":[124],"USAF":[126],"which":[127],"serves":[128],"as":[129],"benchmark":[131],"policy.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}