{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253811657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017","title":"Soft OR approaches in problem formulation stage of a hybrid M&S study","display_name":"Soft OR approaches in problem formulation stage of a hybrid M&S study","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253811657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608779","display_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2014","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019170902","display_name":"J. H. Powell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0071-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071620359","display_name":"Navonil Mustafee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2204-8924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navonil Mustafee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96164773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1664","last_page":"1675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7186179161071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.5498478412628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5195584297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.483309268951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4703288972377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4522172212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-systems-methodology","display_name":"Soft systems methodology","score":0.4255618751049042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3605475425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.3589778244495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3252779543399811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.15977728366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14517298340797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10400676727294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09748104214668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-information-systems","display_name":"Management information systems","score":0.08549317717552185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7186179161071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.5498478412628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5195584297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.483309268951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4703288972377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4522172212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141846272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613474","display_name":"Soft systems methodology","level":4,"score":0.4255618751049042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3605475425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3589778244495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3252779543399811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.15977728366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14517298340797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10400676727294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09748104214668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.08549317717552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2014.7020017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608779","display_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2014","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W773561173","https://openalex.org/W1580305268","https://openalex.org/W1973079779","https://openalex.org/W1992206132","https://openalex.org/W1995345059","https://openalex.org/W2029747667","https://openalex.org/W2041448932","https://openalex.org/W2045063946","https://openalex.org/W2057337878","https://openalex.org/W2057570652","https://openalex.org/W2061073555","https://openalex.org/W2076413245","https://openalex.org/W2098220350","https://openalex.org/W2100584922","https://openalex.org/W2104032378","https://openalex.org/W2105391676","https://openalex.org/W2131814102","https://openalex.org/W2139962185","https://openalex.org/W2151865982","https://openalex.org/W2326095036","https://openalex.org/W2921993139","https://openalex.org/W2988934653","https://openalex.org/W3141961795","https://openalex.org/W3146325252","https://openalex.org/W3146412893","https://openalex.org/W3151524717","https://openalex.org/W4205188686","https://openalex.org/W4229683018","https://openalex.org/W4231122668","https://openalex.org/W4231591680","https://openalex.org/W4232588608","https://openalex.org/W4233646594","https://openalex.org/W4237005099","https://openalex.org/W4248868990","https://openalex.org/W4255783477","https://openalex.org/W4256290105","https://openalex.org/W6608758731","https://openalex.org/W6622622945","https://openalex.org/W6629473431","https://openalex.org/W6769842336","https://openalex.org/W7006017055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041429082","https://openalex.org/W4232944123","https://openalex.org/W2269107847","https://openalex.org/W4231332090","https://openalex.org/W4251836659","https://openalex.org/W2741863502","https://openalex.org/W1970386605","https://openalex.org/W2345543209","https://openalex.org/W2976054584","https://openalex.org/W4206174596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simulation":[1,69,79],"study":[2,80],"consists":[3],"of":[4,17,67,77,97,114,136,145],"several":[5],"well-defined":[6],"stages,":[7],"e.g.,":[8],"problem":[9,141],"formulation,":[10],"model":[11,22],"implementation":[12,23],"and":[13,50,59,93],"experimentation.":[14],"The":[15],"application":[16],"multiple":[18],"techniques":[19,51],"in":[20,34,99,139],"the":[21,42,74,90,109,112,134,137,140],"stage":[24,76,144],"is":[25],"referred":[26],"to":[27,45,62],"as":[28,118],"hybrid":[29,39,85],"simulation,":[30],"which":[31,130],"we":[32],"distinguish":[33],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"from":[37,52],"a":[38,68,78,84,95,146],"M&S":[40,86,148],"study,":[41],"latter":[43],"referring":[44],"studies":[46],"that":[47],"apply":[48],"methods":[49],"disciplines":[53],"like":[54],"Operations":[55],"Research,":[56],"Systems":[57,101],"Engineering":[58],"Computer":[60],"Science":[61],"one":[63],"or":[64],"more":[65],"stages":[66],"study.":[70,149],"We":[71,107],"focus":[72],"on":[73],"first":[75],"(and":[81],"by":[82],"extension":[83],"study),":[87],"viz.,":[88],"eliciting":[89],"system":[91,138],"requirements,":[92],"conduct":[94],"review":[96],"literature":[98],"Soft":[100],"Methodology":[102],"for":[103,111],"healthcare":[104],"operations":[105],"management.":[106],"discuss":[108],"potential":[110],"use":[113],"Qualitative":[115],"System":[116],"Dynamics":[117],"an":[119],"additional":[120],"soft":[121],"OR":[122],"method,":[123],"complementing":[124],"(rather":[125],"than":[126],"supplanting)":[127],"existing":[128],"approaches,":[129],"can":[131],"further":[132],"aid":[133],"understanding":[135],"formulation/conceptual":[142],"modelling":[143],"Hybrid":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}