{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214511668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236","title":"How to Build Valid and Credible Simulation Models","display_name":"How to Build Valid and Credible Simulation Models","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214511668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112327310","display_name":"Averill M. Law","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.M. Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Averill M. Law and Associates, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Averill M. Law and Associates, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112327310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87864644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"24","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7418891787528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-walkthrough","display_name":"Software walkthrough","score":0.7085295915603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"Conceptual model","score":0.5066540837287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-maker","display_name":"Decision maker","score":0.46833065152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter","display_name":"Subject matter","score":0.44572651386260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4388488531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.4361459016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4204173982143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34985893964767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3222968280315399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2392750382423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2292344868183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1258256733417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11550453305244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10516864061355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09091722965240479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7418891787528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.7085295915603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.5066540837287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986080485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision maker","level":2,"score":0.46833065152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992860105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631392","display_name":"Subject matter","level":3,"score":0.44572651386260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4388488531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4361459016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4204173982143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34985893964767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3222968280315399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2392750382423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2292344868183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1258256733417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11550453305244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10516864061355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09091722965240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2005.1574236","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849377404","https://openalex.org/W2052273502","https://openalex.org/W2072834565","https://openalex.org/W2970576388","https://openalex.org/W4205318658","https://openalex.org/W4247998470","https://openalex.org/W4301949137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384517284","https://openalex.org/W2356461702","https://openalex.org/W2014872351","https://openalex.org/W2364504590","https://openalex.org/W2384717657","https://openalex.org/W2136424227","https://openalex.org/W2006831188","https://openalex.org/W2351445356","https://openalex.org/W2394152225","https://openalex.org/W2364753390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"tutorial":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"techniques":[5,94],"for":[6,68],"building":[7],"valid":[8],"and":[9,60,64],"credible":[10],"simulation":[11,100],"models.":[12,101],"Ideas":[13],"to":[14,55,98],"be":[15],"discussed":[16],"include":[17],"the":[18,32,48,88],"importance":[19],"of":[20,40,47,52,62],"a":[21,36,41],"definitive":[22],"problem":[23],"formulation,":[24],"discussions":[25],"with":[26,31],"subject":[27],"matter":[28],"experts,":[29],"interacting":[30],"decision":[33],"maker":[34],"on":[35],"regular":[37],"basis,":[38],"development":[39],"written":[42],"conceptual":[43,49],"model,":[44,50],"structured":[45],"walkthrough":[46],"use":[51],"sensitivity":[53],"analysis":[54],"determine":[56],"important":[57],"model":[58,63],"factors,":[59],"comparison":[61],"system":[65,71],"output":[66],"data":[67],"an":[69],"existing":[70],"(if":[72],"any).":[73],"Each":[74],"idea":[75],"is":[76],"illustrated":[77],"by":[78],"one":[79],"or":[80],"more":[81],"real":[82],"world":[83],"examples.":[84],"We":[85],"also":[86],"discuss":[87],"difficulty":[89],"in":[90],"using":[91],"formal":[92],"statistical":[93],"(e.g.,":[95],"confidence":[96],"intervals)":[97],"validate":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
