{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3146574081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","title":"Practical introduction to simulation optimization","display_name":"Practical introduction to simulation optimization","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3146574081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","mag":"3146574081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.03EX693)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112917092","display_name":"J. April","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141121","display_name":"OptTek Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e4w4b74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. April","raw_affiliation_strings":["OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068174754","display_name":"Fred Glover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-0438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141121","display_name":"OptTek Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e4w4b74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Glover","raw_affiliation_strings":["OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026770180","display_name":"James P. Kelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141121","display_name":"OptTek Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e4w4b74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.P. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009078028","display_name":"Manuel Laguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141121","display_name":"OptTek Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e4w4b74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Laguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OptTek Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112917092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141121"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97381165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7887742519378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6591313481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6090737581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5433360934257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5196872353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4685826003551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.4340667426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.42555931210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-software","display_name":"Simulation software","score":0.4176059067249298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3916335999965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.37049561738967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34882038831710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32600611448287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1542697250843048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10003483295440674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7887742519378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6591313481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6090737581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5433360934257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5196872353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4685826003551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.4340667426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.42555931210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91757755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11121294","display_name":"Simulation software","level":3,"score":0.4176059067249298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3916335999965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.37049561738967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34882038831710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32600611448287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1542697250843048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10003483295440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2003.1261410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.03EX693)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959825685","https://openalex.org/W2018839271","https://openalex.org/W2027311549","https://openalex.org/W2056108108","https://openalex.org/W2081076524","https://openalex.org/W2122203560","https://openalex.org/W2185541986","https://openalex.org/W2970576388","https://openalex.org/W4241466503","https://openalex.org/W6686568323","https://openalex.org/W7071364070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W2039546652","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W3156820950","https://openalex.org/W2971069100","https://openalex.org/W1588330912","https://openalex.org/W3120276808","https://openalex.org/W3208006938","https://openalex.org/W2941786226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30],"merging":[1],"of":[2,32,73,85,101,109,126,132],"optimization":[3,128],"and":[4,40,46,104,116,140],"simulation":[5,127,134],"has":[6,53,113],"seen":[7],"a":[8,133,144],"rapid":[9],"growth":[10],"in":[11,58,63,118,129,143],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"A":[14],"Google":[15],"search":[16],"on":[17,92],"\"Simulation":[18],"Optimization\"":[19],"returns":[20],"more":[21],"than":[22],"six":[23],"thousand":[24],"pages":[25,34],"where":[26],"this":[27,67,111],"phrase":[28],"appears.":[29],"content":[31],"these":[33],"ranges":[35],"from":[36],"articles,":[37],"conference":[38],"presentations":[39],"books":[41],"to":[42,137],"software,":[43],"sponsored":[44],"work":[45],"consultancy.":[47],"This":[48],"is":[49],"an":[50,124],"area":[51],"that":[52,78,97],"sparked":[54],"as":[55,62],"much":[56],"interest":[57],"the":[59,74,83,93,99,130],"academic":[60],"world":[61,146],"practical":[64,102],"settings.":[65],"In":[66],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,122],"first":[70],"summarize":[71],"some":[72,106],"most":[75],"relevant":[76,107],"approaches":[77],"have":[79],"been":[80,114],"developed":[81,136],"for":[82],"purpose":[84],"optimizing":[86],"simulated":[87],"systems.":[88],"We":[89],"then":[90],"concentrate":[91],"metaheuristic":[94],"black-box":[95],"approach":[96,112],"leads":[98],"field":[100],"applications":[103],"provide":[105],"details":[108],"how":[110],"implemented":[115],"used":[117],"commercial":[119],"software.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"present":[123],"example":[125],"context":[131],"model":[135],"predict":[138],"performance":[139],"measure":[141],"risk":[142],"real":[145],"project":[147],"selection":[148],"problem.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}