{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415524644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822","title":"Benchmarking CFAR and CNN-Based Peak Detection Algorithms in ISAC Under Hardware Impairments","display_name":"Benchmarking CFAR and CNN-Based Peak Detection Algorithms in ISAC Under Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415524644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021753977","display_name":"Paolo Tosi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Tosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047004008","display_name":"Steffen Schieler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Schieler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität at Ilmenau: FG EMS,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität at Ilmenau: FG EMS,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087735907","display_name":"Marcus Henninger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Henninger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011824238","display_name":"Sebastian Semper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Semper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität at Ilmenau: FG EMS,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität at Ilmenau: FG EMS,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068924113","display_name":"Silvio Mandelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-5544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio Mandelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.8605999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.8605999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.7922999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7721999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.3772999942302704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wsa65299.2025.11202822","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1183278072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101120544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994017559","https://openalex.org/W2155722796","https://openalex.org/W2163405822","https://openalex.org/W3104690928","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4388206946","https://openalex.org/W4388821121","https://openalex.org/W4395662305","https://openalex.org/W4402170469","https://openalex.org/W4409292892"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peak":[0],"detection":[1,35,74,109],"is":[2],"a":[3,52,64,158],"fundamental":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,14,75,119,153],"radar":[7,15,77],"and":[8,20,39,63,98,135],"has":[9],"therefore":[10],"been":[11],"studied":[12],"extensively":[13],"literature.":[16],"However,":[17],"Integrated":[18],"Sensing":[19],"Communication":[21],"(ISAC)":[22],"systems":[23],"for":[24,47,72,141,161],"sixth":[25],"generation":[26],"(6":[27],"G)":[28],"cellular":[29],"networks":[30],"need":[31],"to":[32],"perform":[33,102],"peak":[34,73],"under":[36,110],"hardware":[37,91],"impairments":[38],"constraints":[40,82],"imposed":[41],"by":[42],"the":[43,88,132,136,147,162],"underlying":[44],"system":[45],"designed":[46],"communications.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"presents":[51],"comparative":[53],"study":[54],"of":[55,83,90,131,138],"classical":[56],"Constant":[57],"False":[58],"Alarm":[59],"Rate":[60],"(CFAR)-based":[61],"algorithms":[62],"recently":[65],"proposed":[66],"Convolutional":[67],"Neural":[68],"Network":[69],"(CNN)-based":[70],"method":[71],"ISAC":[76,84],"images.":[78],"To":[79],"impose":[80],"practical":[81],"systems,":[85],"we":[86],"model":[87],"impact":[89],"impairments,":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94,113,115],"power":[95],"amplifier":[96],"nonlinearities":[97],"quantization":[99],"noise.":[100],"We":[101],"extensive":[103],"simulation":[104],"campaigns":[105],"focusing":[106],"on":[107,116,146],"multi-target":[108],"varying":[111],"noise":[112],"well":[114],"target":[117],"separation":[118],"resolution-limited":[120],"scenarios.":[121],"The":[122,144],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"CFAR":[126],"detectors":[127],"require":[128],"approximate":[129],"knowledge":[130],"operating":[133],"scenario":[134],"use":[137],"window":[139],"functions":[140],"reliable":[142],"performance.":[143],"CNN,":[145],"other":[148],"hand,":[149],"achieves":[150],"high":[151],"performance":[152],"all":[154],"scenarios,":[155],"but":[156],"requires":[157],"preprocessing":[159],"step":[160],"input":[163],"data.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}