{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995534012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","title":"3D Ray Tracing for device-independent fingerprint-based positioning in WLANs","display_name":"3D Ray Tracing for device-independent fingerprint-based positioning in WLANs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995534012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","mag":"1995534012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 9th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016380055","display_name":"Marios Raspopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-6018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116289","display_name":"Sigint Solutions (Cyprus)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z1521","country_code":"CY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Raspopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043360104","display_name":"Christos Laoudias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Laoudias","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus","KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000322050","display_name":"Loizos Kanaris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116289","display_name":"Sigint Solutions (Cyprus)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z1521","country_code":"CY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loizos Kanaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062451984","display_name":"Akis Kokkinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116289","display_name":"Sigint Solutions (Cyprus)","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z1521","country_code":"CY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akis Kokkinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigint Solutions Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073317773","display_name":"Christos G. Panayiotou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-9025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos G. Panayiotou","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus","KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003106918","display_name":"Stavros Stavrou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59746437","display_name":"Open University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/033sm2k57","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59746437"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stavros Stavrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus","[Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59746437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59746437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8655353784561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8289781808853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7703639268875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5966236591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5864934921264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5844096541404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5438452959060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4894520342350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4815812110900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4686391055583954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.4107925295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31246569752693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08539548516273499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8655353784561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8289781808853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7703639268875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5966236591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5864934921264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5844096541404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5438452959060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4894520342350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4815812110900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4686391055583954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.4107925295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31246569752693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08539548516273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2012.6268748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 9th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:17912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire_cris_publications/e0750cb9-ed0b-4cb4-9d98-9b6ddc6bf369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/e0750cb9-ed0b-4cb4-9d98-9b6ddc6bf369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Raspopoulos, M, Laoudias, C, Kanaris, L, Kokkinis, A, Panayiotou, C G & Stavrou, S 2012, '3D Ray Tracing for device-independent fingerprint-based positioning in WLANs', Paper presented at 9th Workshop on Positioning Navigation and Communication (WPNC), Dresden, Germany, 14/03/12.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/e0750cb9-ed0b-4cb4-9d98-9b6ddc6bf369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/e0750cb9-ed0b-4cb4-9d98-9b6ddc6bf369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TITLE=9th Workshop on Positioning Navigation and Communication (WPNC)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526572160","https://openalex.org/W1608826770","https://openalex.org/W1973896866","https://openalex.org/W2011970787","https://openalex.org/W2028721837","https://openalex.org/W2122818480","https://openalex.org/W2130996742","https://openalex.org/W2140200234","https://openalex.org/W2142136129","https://openalex.org/W2144041533","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2317585713","https://openalex.org/W2952594739","https://openalex.org/W6681301362","https://openalex.org/W6764934704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W2982532306","https://openalex.org/W3088315536","https://openalex.org/W1891938465","https://openalex.org/W1639914594","https://openalex.org/W4237766728","https://openalex.org/W1550605711","https://openalex.org/W2151673354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,99,120],"study":[1],"the":[2,27,43,55,81,86,115,122,130,135,137,144,150,157],"use":[3],"of":[4,117,124,129,139,159],"3D":[5,105],"Ray":[6],"Tracing":[7],"(RT)":[8],"to":[9,25,51,67,75,80,84,90,113,133,142],"construct":[10],"radiomaps":[11,76,107,162],"for":[12,146],"WLAN":[13],"Received":[14],"Signal":[15],"Strength":[16],"(RSS)":[17],"fingerprint-based":[18,72],"positioning,":[19],"in":[20,54,127],"conjunction":[21],"with":[22,164],"calibration":[23],"techniques":[24],"make":[26],"overall":[28],"process":[29,40],"device-independent.":[30],"RSS":[31],"data":[32,111,140],"collection":[33],"might":[34],"be":[35],"a":[36,61],"tedious":[37],"and":[38,41,47,64,88,108,149],"time-consuming":[39],"also":[42],"measured":[44],"radiomap":[45,87,145],"accuracy":[46],"applicability":[48],"is":[49,154],"subject":[50],"potential":[52],"changes":[53],"wireless":[56],"environment.":[57],"Therefore,":[58],"RT":[59],"becomes":[60],"more":[62],"attractive":[63],"efficient":[65],"way":[66],"generate":[68,85],"radiomaps.":[69],"Moreover,":[70],"traditional":[71],"methods":[73],"lead":[74],"which":[77,153],"are":[78,97],"restricted":[79],"device":[82],"used":[83],"fail":[89],"provide":[91],"acceptable":[92],"performance":[93],"when":[94],"different":[95,147],"devices":[96,148],"considered.":[98],"address":[100],"both":[101],"challenges":[102],"by":[103],"exploiting":[104],"RT-generated":[106],"using":[109,160],"linear":[110],"transformation":[112],"match":[114],"characteristics":[116],"various":[118],"devices.":[119],"evaluate":[121],"efficiency":[123],"this":[125],"approach":[126],"terms":[128],"time":[131],"spent":[132],"create":[134],"radiomap,":[136],"amount":[138],"required":[141],"calibrate":[143],"positioning":[151],"error":[152],"compared":[155],"against":[156],"case":[158],"dedicated":[161],"collected":[163],"each":[165],"device.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}