{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135512772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","title":"Cram&amp;#x00E9;r-Rao Lower Bounds for hybrid localization of mobile terminals","display_name":"Cram&amp;#x00E9;r-Rao Lower Bounds for hybrid localization of mobile terminals","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135512772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","mag":"2135512772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000005967","display_name":"Carsten Fritsche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Fritsche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Engineering Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Commun. Eng. Lab., Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Eng. Lab., Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040462233","display_name":"Anja Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-4470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Engineering Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Commun. Eng. Lab., Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Eng. Lab., Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000005967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96106661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"157","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8271955847740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6640620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.655822217464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5363537073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.4513331353664398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.43961742520332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3254275918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20258507132530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.12609371542930603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8271955847740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6640620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.655822217464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5363537073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.4513331353664398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.43961742520332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3254275918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20258507132530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.12609371542930603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:138626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/138626/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W602484219","https://openalex.org/W1746665946","https://openalex.org/W1932008672","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2088706059","https://openalex.org/W2096317870","https://openalex.org/W2099208041","https://openalex.org/W2100123768","https://openalex.org/W2114365263","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2133490805","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2163513242","https://openalex.org/W4243408391","https://openalex.org/W6618496895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W2095430614","https://openalex.org/W2161629363","https://openalex.org/W1983404271","https://openalex.org/W1987503182","https://openalex.org/W2545442221","https://openalex.org/W2184299274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"in":[1,16,21,59,151],"outdoor":[2],"scenarios":[3,26],"the":[4,17,37,43,68,71,90,98,123,144,154,162,168],"global":[5,124],"positioning":[6],"system":[7,125],"(GPS)":[8],"provides":[9],"accurate":[10],"mobile":[11,127],"station":[12],"(MS)":[13],"location":[14,33,57,73,83,94],"estimates":[15,58,74],"majority":[18],"of":[19,42,70,89,101,132,143,153],"cases,":[20],"dense":[22],"urban":[23],"and":[24,117,130],"indoor":[25],"GPS":[27],"often":[28],"cannot":[29],"provide":[30,55],"reliable":[31],"MS":[32,56,72,82,93],"estimates,":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,172],"attenuation":[38],"or":[39],"complete":[40],"shadowing":[41],"satellite":[44],"signals.":[45],"The":[46,138],"existing":[47,173],"cellular":[48],"radio":[49],"network":[50],"(CRN)-based":[51],"localization":[52,79,108,141,147,164,169,175],"methods,":[53],"however,":[54],"almost":[60],"every":[61],"scenario,":[62],"but":[63],"they":[64],"do":[65],"not":[66],"reach":[67],"accuracy":[69,142,170],"provided":[75,96],"by":[76,97],"GPS.":[77,102,137],"Hybrid":[78],"methods":[80],"combine":[81],"information":[84,95],"available":[85],"from":[86,122,136],"measured":[87,99,120,134],"values":[88,100,121,135],"CRN":[91],"with":[92],"In":[103],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"a":[106],"hybrid":[107,146,163],"method":[109,148,165],"is":[110,149,159],"proposed":[111,145],"that":[112,161],"combines":[113],"received":[114],"signal":[115],"level":[116],"timing":[118],"advance":[119],"for":[126],"communication":[128],"(GSM)":[129],"time":[131],"arrival":[133],"best":[139],"achievable":[140],"evaluated":[150],"terms":[152],"Cramer-Rao":[155],"Lower":[156],"Bound.":[157],"It":[158],"shown":[160],"significantly":[166],"improves":[167],"compared":[171],"CRN-based":[174],"methods.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
