{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106095451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","title":"Moment based CNR estimators for BOC/BPSK modulated signal for Galileo/GPS","display_name":"Moment based CNR estimators for BOC/BPSK modulated signal for Galileo/GPS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106095451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","mag":"2106095451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053674221","display_name":"A. K. M. Najmul Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","display_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bwtjf83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. K. M. Najmul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063382658","display_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","display_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bwtjf83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013533865","display_name":"Markku Renfors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-6851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","display_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bwtjf83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Renfors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053674221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150589677","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8078064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-offset-carrier-modulation","display_name":"Binary offset carrier modulation","score":0.9427348971366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.8441499471664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7428314685821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7184340953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.5624595880508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Carrier-to-noise ratio","score":0.5517133474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5224984288215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.47596997022628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.4689701795578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45050907135009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.44358205795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4005773663520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34737712144851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.3369731903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.301340788602829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.28806543350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2681886851787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2592748999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23873645067214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.20114919543266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.19821223616600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19518432021141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.15879499912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15356168150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.1314300298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10758540034294128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207717533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863505","display_name":"Binary offset carrier modulation","level":5,"score":0.9427348971366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.8441499471664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7428314685821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7184340953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.5624595880508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43658927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046339","display_name":"Carrier-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5517133474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5224984288215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47596997022628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.4689701795578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45050907135009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.44358205795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4005773663520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34737712144851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3369731903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.301340788602829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.28806543350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2681886851787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2592748999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23873645067214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.20114919543266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.19821223616600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19518432021141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.15879499912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15356168150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.1314300298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10758540034294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529249632","https://openalex.org/W1570380416","https://openalex.org/W1597524114","https://openalex.org/W1973314094","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2110135299","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2140453250","https://openalex.org/W2152244785","https://openalex.org/W2187658954","https://openalex.org/W2602301520","https://openalex.org/W2612111559","https://openalex.org/W2693525121","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W4248676392","https://openalex.org/W6631596414","https://openalex.org/W6634136027","https://openalex.org/W6686859980","https://openalex.org/W6740361004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101555006","https://openalex.org/W2169112410","https://openalex.org/W2487364344","https://openalex.org/W2774417454","https://openalex.org/W3080284048","https://openalex.org/W2533611158","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W3175192043","https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2140071899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimation":[0],"of":[1,10,15,50,85],"the":[2,11,16,20,29,34,58,61,71,83,86,91],"Carrier":[3],"to":[4,27],"Noise":[5],"Ratio":[6],"(CNR)":[7],"is":[8],"one":[9],"most":[12,92],"important":[13],"functionalities":[14],"GPS/Galileo":[17],"receivers.":[18],"However,":[19],"conventional":[21],"GPS":[22],"receivers":[23],"are":[24],"not":[25],"able":[26],"satisfy":[28],"CNR":[30,54],"estimation":[31],"requirements":[32],"for":[33,60],"location":[35],"based":[36,53,63,73],"services,":[37],"E-911,":[38],"and":[39,56,70,89],"moderate":[40],"indoor":[41],"reception.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"we":[46],"derive":[47],"a":[48],"total":[49],"seven":[51],"moment":[52],"estimators":[55,88],"present":[57],"results":[59,84],"simulation":[62],"BOC":[64],"(Binary":[65,75],"Offset":[66],"carrier)":[67],"modulated":[68,79],"signal":[69],"measurement":[72],"BPSK":[74],"Phase":[76],"Shift":[77],"Keying)":[78],"signal.":[80],"We":[81],"compare":[82],"different":[87],"find":[90],"robust":[93],"estimator.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
