{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156116332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","title":"Performance comparison of TOA and TDOA based location estimation algorithms in LOS environment","display_name":"Performance comparison of TOA and TDOA based location estimation algorithms in LOS environment","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156116332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","mag":"2156116332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086384170","display_name":"Guowei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-4058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030085238","display_name":"Rudolf Zet\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0629-9202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolf Zetik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059969592","display_name":"Reiner S. Thom\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiner S. Thoma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086384170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98211731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9378904104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdetermined-system","display_name":"Overdetermined system","score":0.6629582047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6602408289909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taylor-series","display_name":"Taylor series","score":0.6288520097732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6263244152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5925348997116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5848591923713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5589303374290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.5406718850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.5095279812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-sequence-estimation","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","score":0.4186491072177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3702678680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.35213369131088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3504263758659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.13304975628852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12851807475090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10207727551460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07678651809692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.07621628046035767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9378904104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81901731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331348","display_name":"Overdetermined system","level":2,"score":0.6629582047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6602408289909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158946198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131187","display_name":"Taylor series","level":2,"score":0.6288520097732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6263244152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5925348997116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5848591923713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5589303374290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.5406718850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.5095279812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191462741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795902","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","level":3,"score":0.4186491072177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3702678680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35213369131088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3504263758659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.13304975628852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12851807475090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10207727551460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07678651809692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.07621628046035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2008.4510359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 5th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1988966058","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2039712150","https://openalex.org/W2063605977","https://openalex.org/W2080830113","https://openalex.org/W2097108711","https://openalex.org/W2103227205","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2128529557","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2140124983","https://openalex.org/W2142947066","https://openalex.org/W2143864831","https://openalex.org/W2153587859","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2163817142","https://openalex.org/W6660260504","https://openalex.org/W6666459132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250237313","https://openalex.org/W2391980879","https://openalex.org/W1636339314","https://openalex.org/W1994048345","https://openalex.org/W2799362944","https://openalex.org/W2903220199","https://openalex.org/W2083509671","https://openalex.org/W1978001812","https://openalex.org/W4307018408","https://openalex.org/W2355647129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,63],"paper,":[2],"various":[3],"positioning":[4],"algorithms":[5,69],"for":[6],"range-based":[7],"TOA":[8],"and":[9,34,54,81,96],"TDOA":[10],"localization":[11],"have":[12,85],"been":[13,71,86],"analyzed,":[14],"which":[15],"include":[16],"the":[17,68,74,78,82,91,97,104],"Analytical":[18],"method,":[19,22,26,29],"Least":[20],"Square":[21],"Approximate":[23],"Maximum":[24,31],"Likelihood":[25,32],"Taylor":[27],"Series":[28],"Two-Stage":[30],"method":[33],"Genetic":[35],"Algorithm.":[36],"The":[37,65],"assumed":[38,75],"scenario":[39],"is":[40],"an":[41],"overdetermined":[42],"system":[43],"in":[44,73,88],"a":[45,55],"3D":[46],"space":[47],"under":[48],"Line":[49],"of":[50,57,67,90,93,103],"Sight":[51],"(LOS)":[52],"situation":[53],"number":[56,92],"sensor":[58],"nodes":[59,95],"placed":[60],"arbitrarily":[61],"across":[62],"area.":[64],"performance":[66],"has":[70],"compared":[72],"scenario.":[76],"Both":[77],"average":[79],"error":[80,101],"failure":[83],"rate":[84],"investigated":[87],"terms":[89],"reference":[94],"root":[98],"mean":[99],"squared":[100],"(RMSE)":[102],"range":[105],"estimation.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}