{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126092909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272","title":"A Real-Time Sybil Attack Detection for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETS) Using Spatio-Temporal Learning and XGBoost","display_name":"A Real-Time Sybil Attack Detection for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETS) Using Spatio-Temporal Learning and XGBoost","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126092909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081253819","display_name":"Seyed Salar Sefati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-3576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Salar Sefati","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093077057","display_name":"Astik Kumar Samal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5851-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098972","display_name":"Gruppo CLAS (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/015m6xt73","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Astik Samal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gruppo Maggioli,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gruppo Maggioli,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121703785","display_name":"Octavian Fratu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavian Fratu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124181511","display_name":"Simona Halunga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Halunga","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University for Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest,Telecommunications Department,Bucharest,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081253819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64213385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sybil-attack","display_name":"Sybil attack","score":0.7447999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.7174000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.3391999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777505653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470796","display_name":"Sybil attack","level":3,"score":0.7447999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.7174000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6640595197677612}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944245303","https://openalex.org/W3209482503","https://openalex.org/W4296761062","https://openalex.org/W4315884171","https://openalex.org/W4322502842","https://openalex.org/W4390669430","https://openalex.org/W4406026543","https://openalex.org/W4407360844","https://openalex.org/W4408017321","https://openalex.org/W4408309490","https://openalex.org/W4409762842","https://openalex.org/W4412469964","https://openalex.org/W4414193480"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"Ad":[1],"Hoc":[2],"Networks":[3],"(VANETs)":[4],"are":[5,77],"a":[6,44,64,104,132],"cornerstone":[7],"of":[8,119],"intelligent":[9],"transportation":[10],"systems":[11],"(ITS),":[12],"enabling":[13],"decentralized":[14],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[15],"(V2V)":[16],"and":[17,25,56,96],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[18],"(V2I)":[19],"communication.":[20],"However,":[21],"their":[22],"dynamic":[23],"topology":[24],"infrastructure":[26],"less":[27,146],"design":[28],"make":[29],"VANETs":[30,72],"vulnerable":[31],"to":[32,52,111,127],"serious":[33],"security":[34],"threats.":[35],"One":[36],"major":[37],"threat":[38],"is":[39,109,125],"the":[40],"Sybil":[41,67],"attack,":[42],"where":[43],"single":[45],"malicious":[46,120],"node":[47],"creates":[48],"multiple":[49],"fake":[50],"identities":[51],"manipulate":[53],"network":[54],"behavior":[55],"compromise":[57],"safety":[58],"critical":[59],"services.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"presents":[63],"scalable,":[65],"learning-based":[66],"detection":[68,102],"framework":[69],"that":[70],"models":[71],"as":[73],"time-evolving":[74],"graphs.":[75],"Vehicles":[76],"characterized":[78],"using":[79],"spatio-temporal":[80],"features":[81],"derived":[82],"from":[83,131],"beacon":[84,92],"messages,":[85],"including":[86],"displacement,":[87],"speed":[88],"variation,":[89],"directional":[90],"change,":[91],"frequency,":[93],"trust":[94],"score,":[95],"behavioral":[97],"similarity":[98],"score.":[99],"To":[100],"enhance":[101],"accuracy,":[103],"lightweight":[105],"similarity-based":[106],"clustering":[107],"mechanism":[108],"introduced":[110],"capture":[112],"identity":[113],"correlations":[114],"without":[115],"assuming":[116],"prior":[117],"knowledge":[118],"nodes.":[121],"An":[122],"XGBoost":[123],"classifier":[124],"used":[126],"learn":[128],"decision":[129],"boundaries":[130],"labeled":[133],"dataset":[134],"constructed":[135],"via":[136],"OMNeT++":[137],"simulations.":[138],"The":[139],"model":[140],"achieves":[141],"over":[142],"96%":[143],"accuracy":[144],"with":[145],"than":[147],"4%":[148],"false":[149],"positive":[150],"rate":[151],"across":[152],"various":[153],"traffic":[154],"densities,":[155],"demonstrating":[156],"robust":[157],"generalization.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}