{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126056609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166","title":"Beam Acquisition and Tracking for LEO Based Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Learning Based Kalman Filter Approach","display_name":"Beam Acquisition and Tracking for LEO Based Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Learning Based Kalman Filter Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126056609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124288733","display_name":"Tzu-Yu Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Yu Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Cheng University,Chiayi,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Cheng University,Chiayi,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124200562","display_name":"Shao-Yu Lien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao-Yu Lien","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Tainan,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Tainan,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109952213","display_name":"Chih-Cheng Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Cheng Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan Ocean University,Keelung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan Ocean University,Keelung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124254607","display_name":"Yang Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124178530","display_name":"Hua-Lung Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157834","display_name":"Food Industry Research and Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05yhj6j64","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157834"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua-Lung Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industry Technology Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industry Technology Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157834","https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124288733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8281751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6442999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42739999294281006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7163000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6442999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189069379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218124","display_name":"Ground track","level":4,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc67460.2025.11351166","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2909938571","https://openalex.org/W3021403069","https://openalex.org/W3086751733","https://openalex.org/W3109047212","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W3183282730","https://openalex.org/W3216670142","https://openalex.org/W4223556905","https://openalex.org/W4224263721","https://openalex.org/W4280575327","https://openalex.org/W4293094175","https://openalex.org/W4309157460","https://openalex.org/W4316013389","https://openalex.org/W4387713411","https://openalex.org/W4392843740"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lower":[0],"signal":[1,30,49],"propagation":[2,31],"delay":[3],"and":[4,33,42,94,123,144,151,205],"higher":[5],"transmission":[6],"rates":[7],"have":[8],"rendered":[9],"low":[10],"Earth":[11],"orbit":[12],"(LEO)":[13],"satellite":[14,41,99,104,109,189],"based":[15,100],"non-terrestrial":[16],"networks":[17],"(NTN)":[18],"a":[19,43,137],"crucial":[20],"technology":[21],"toward":[22],"ubiquitous":[23],"network":[24],"coverage.":[25],"However,":[26],"subject":[27],"to":[28,66,76,92,149,198],"the":[29,64,68,71,78,89,96,108,153,158,161,164,169,181,185,191,195,202],"distance":[32],"varying":[34],"weather/atmosphere":[35],"conditions,":[36],"communications":[37],"between":[38,201],"an":[39],"LEO":[40,74,154,188],"user":[44],"terminal":[45],"(UT)":[46],"suffer":[47],"severe":[48],"attenuation.":[50],"To":[51,86],"address":[52],"this":[53,87,117,132],"issue,":[54],"beamforming":[55],"has":[56],"been":[57],"mandatory":[58],"for":[59],"NTN,":[60],"which":[61],"however":[62],"demanding":[63],"UT":[65,90,162],"track":[67,95,152],"position":[69,97],"of":[70,98,187],"fast":[72],"moving":[73],"satellite,":[75],"align":[77],"receiving":[79,165],"beam":[80,84,166,206],"directions":[81],"with":[82,168,175],"transmitting":[83],"directions.":[85],"end,":[88],"needs":[91],"predict":[93,150],"on":[101],"historical":[102],"true":[103],"positions":[105],"announced":[106],"by":[107],"and/or":[110],"public":[111],"two-line":[112],"element":[113],"(TLE)":[114],"information.":[115],"Nevertheless,":[116],"knowledge":[118],"is":[119],"not":[120],"always":[121],"available":[122],"may":[124],"be":[125],"outdated,":[126],"making":[127],"existing":[128],"schemes":[129],"infeasible.":[130],"In":[131],"paper,":[133],"we":[134],"therefore":[135],"propose":[136],"joint":[138],"long":[139],"short-term":[140],"memory":[141],"(LSTM)":[142],"model":[143],"Kalman":[145],"filter":[146],"(KF)":[147],"design":[148,193],"satellite\u2019s":[155],"position.":[156],"With":[157],"proposed":[159,192],"design,":[160],"finds":[163],"direction":[167],"maximum":[170],"received":[171,203],"signal-to-noise":[172],"ratio":[173],"(SNR)":[174],"very":[176],"limited":[177],"searching":[178,207],"time.":[179,208],"Through":[180],"performance":[182],"evaluation":[183],"using":[184],"trajectories":[186],"\"FORMOSAT\",":[190],"outperforms":[194],"state-of-the-art":[196],"methods":[197],"strike":[199],"tradeoff":[200],"SNR":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}