{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317642787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977","title":"Different Indoor Localisation Techniques using Smartphones","display_name":"Different Indoor Localisation Techniques using Smartphones","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317642787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007243659","display_name":"Samuel G. Leitch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0575-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel George Leitch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071383909","display_name":"Waqas Bin Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-1576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Bin Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017766812","display_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771677","display_name":"Maryam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074353965","display_name":"Pavlos I. Lazaridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavlos I. Lazaridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007243659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9339774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"505","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilateration","display_name":"Trilateration","score":0.9864410758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7454522848129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6135217547416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.5764888525009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.5664069056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5422672629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5096926689147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5013449192047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.46340489387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46098360419273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43990665674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2628403604030609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20767369866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19665789604187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17298713326454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.10939672589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07694849371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.06961733102798462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.9864410758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7454522848129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6135217547416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.5764888525009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.5664069056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5422672629356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5096926689147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5013449192047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.46340489387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46098360419273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43990665674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2628403604030609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20767369866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19665789604187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17298713326454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.10939672589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07694849371910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.06961733102798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ebf20321-b0f6-48c1-bc1e-4cc6385e4975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/ebf20321-b0f6-48c1-bc1e-4cc6385e4975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Leitch, S G, Bin Abbas, W, Ahmed, Q, Hafeez, M & Lazaridis, P I 2023, Different Indoor Localisation Techniques using Smartphones. in 2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC 2022., 10014977, International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 505-509, 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, Herning, Denmark, 30/10/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014977","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618586769","https://openalex.org/W2048756407","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2916660877","https://openalex.org/W2950392941","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2974494169","https://openalex.org/W2985031189","https://openalex.org/W2989277575","https://openalex.org/W2995502867","https://openalex.org/W3005366946","https://openalex.org/W3007979717","https://openalex.org/W3017194641","https://openalex.org/W3046131152","https://openalex.org/W3048655512","https://openalex.org/W3084212472","https://openalex.org/W3086065370","https://openalex.org/W3100273368","https://openalex.org/W3108914020","https://openalex.org/W3119982621","https://openalex.org/W3120412245","https://openalex.org/W3127369521","https://openalex.org/W3137066621","https://openalex.org/W3162700578","https://openalex.org/W3162854178","https://openalex.org/W3209359522","https://openalex.org/W3211805879","https://openalex.org/W4210654574","https://openalex.org/W4210659589","https://openalex.org/W4221080190","https://openalex.org/W4223447468","https://openalex.org/W4285724369","https://openalex.org/W4293704597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W2902993599","https://openalex.org/W3189461536","https://openalex.org/W2888929028","https://openalex.org/W2164607199","https://openalex.org/W1525516452","https://openalex.org/W2366873040","https://openalex.org/W1973305812","https://openalex.org/W2054870635","https://openalex.org/W1498197862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0,62],"localisation":[1,38],"is":[2,39],"an":[3],"active":[4],"area":[5],"of":[6,12,31,50,82],"research":[7],"with":[8],"a":[9,18,26],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"potential":[13],"applications":[14],"and":[15,53,80],"opportunities.":[16],"With":[17],"focus":[19],"on":[20,28],"smartphone-based":[21,67],"implementation,":[22],"in":[23,41,92],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"survey":[27],"the":[29,32,77],"state":[30],"art":[33],"techniques":[34,57],"used":[35],"for":[36,61,90],"indoor":[37],"performed":[40],"detail.":[42],"In":[43],"particular,":[44],"fingerprinting,":[45],"triangulation,":[46],"trilateration,":[47],"hybrid":[48],"Angle":[49],"Arrival":[51],"(AoA)/ranging,":[52],"pedestrian":[54],"dead":[55],"reckoning":[56],"will":[58,71],"be":[59],"discussed":[60],"Positioning":[63],"Systems":[64],"(IPS)":[65],"using":[66],"technologies.":[68],"Finally,":[69],"we":[70],"conclude":[72],"our":[73],"paper":[74],"by":[75,86],"highlighting":[76],"key":[78],"advantages":[79],"disadvantages":[81],"each":[83],"technique":[84],"followed":[85],"possible":[87],"future":[88],"directions":[89],"IPS":[91],"6G":[93],"wireless":[94],"networks.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
