{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317642592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805","title":"Deep Learning Approaches for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks","display_name":"Deep Learning Approaches for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317642592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034031282","display_name":"Sadaf Nazneen Syed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sadaf Nazneen Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-1275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074353965","display_name":"Pavlos I. Lazaridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavlos I. Lazaridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-2567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065790904","display_name":"Faheem A. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faheem A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-8776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017766812","display_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-5341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771677","display_name":"Maryam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-1627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005904368","display_name":"Violeta Holmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-4555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Violeta Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-4555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086881985","display_name":"Ioannis P. Chochliouros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-1676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800885372","display_name":"Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/031e3n874","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800885372"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis P. Chochliouros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hellenic Telecommunications, Organization S.A. (OTE),Maroussi-Athens,Greece","Hellenic Telecommunications, Organization S.A. (OTE), Maroussi-Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Telecommunications, Organization S.A. (OTE),Maroussi-Athens,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800885372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic Telecommunications, Organization S.A. (OTE), Maroussi-Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800885372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009244011","display_name":"Zaharias D. Zaharis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-282X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaharias D. Zaharis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki,Greece","School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034031282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93706777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"480","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8699194192886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8041921257972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.7861385345458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.6325273513793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"Hyperparameter optimization","score":0.6142733097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.600134551525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5941833853721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5912676453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5551366209983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5301471948623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.5248517990112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.48772844672203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46941694617271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.44974568486213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4447256326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43593621253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.422314316034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.348776638507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2779918313026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18271571397781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.11957275867462158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8699194192886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8041921257972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.7861385345458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6325273513793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10485038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48996162","display_name":"Hyperparameter optimization","level":3,"score":0.6142733097076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.600134551525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5941833853721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5912676453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5551366209983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5301471948623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.5248517990112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.48772844672203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46941694617271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.44974568486213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4447256326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43593621253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.422314316034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.348776638507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2779918313026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18271571397781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.11957275867462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc55625.2022.10014805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607502","display_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c0d795f5-8d25-4ba6-afdd-d52caf5daacc","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/c0d795f5-8d25-4ba6-afdd-d52caf5daacc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Syed, S N, Lazaridis, P I, Khan, F A, Ahmed, Q Z, Hafeez, M, Holmes, V, Chochliouros, I P & Zaharis, Z D 2023, Deep Learning Approaches for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks. in 2022 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC 2022., 10014805, International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 480-485, 25th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, Herning, Denmark, 30/10/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014805","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:13991635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:13991635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC55625.2022.10014805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2087795220","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2901063966","https://openalex.org/W2907930484","https://openalex.org/W2908993293","https://openalex.org/W2922112979","https://openalex.org/W2971778960","https://openalex.org/W2973209754","https://openalex.org/W3000666963","https://openalex.org/W3010867338","https://openalex.org/W3011899668","https://openalex.org/W3027109963","https://openalex.org/W3035433808","https://openalex.org/W3048317763","https://openalex.org/W3119374906","https://openalex.org/W3119982621","https://openalex.org/W3124838391","https://openalex.org/W3159913701","https://openalex.org/W3160885179","https://openalex.org/W3163973144","https://openalex.org/W3191565355","https://openalex.org/W3197485142","https://openalex.org/W3211153404","https://openalex.org/W3212142543","https://openalex.org/W4223447468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953665647","https://openalex.org/W4205712847","https://openalex.org/W4281646320","https://openalex.org/W3169687406","https://openalex.org/W2954882791","https://openalex.org/W4388119537","https://openalex.org/W4287818966","https://openalex.org/W1974336862","https://openalex.org/W3014750173","https://openalex.org/W3192751261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"number":[1],"of":[2,18,36,46,59,73,93,107,141],"network":[3],"devices":[4],"continues":[5],"to":[6,109,136],"rise":[7],"as":[8,118],"we":[9],"advance":[10],"towards":[11],"6G":[12,61],"communication":[13],"systems.":[14],"A":[15],"new":[16],"range":[17],"frequencies":[19,37],"is":[20,112,134],"allocated":[21],"while":[22,38],"the":[23,32,40,44,57,60],"earlier":[24],"resources":[25],"remain":[26],"underutilized.":[27],"Cognitive":[28],"Radio":[29],"(CR)":[30],"enables":[31],"dynamic":[33],"spectrum":[34,47,55,103,110],"management":[35],"detecting":[39],"unoccupied":[41],"bands":[42],"with":[43,125,147],"aid":[45],"sensing.":[48,104],"By":[49],"adopting":[50],"Deep":[51],"Learning":[52],"(DL)":[53],"for":[54,101],"sensing,":[56],"performance":[58],"networks":[62,90],"can":[63],"be":[64],"made":[65],"more":[66],"robust.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"a":[71,119,138],"survey":[72],"several":[74],"DL":[75,108],"algorithms":[76],"such":[77],"as,":[78],"Multilayer":[79],"Perceptrons":[80],"(MLPs),":[81],"Convolutional":[82],"Neural":[83],"Networks":[84],"(CNNs),":[85],"Long":[86],"Short-Term":[87],"Memory":[88],"(LSTM)":[89],"and":[91,95,144],"combination":[92],"CNNs":[94],"LSTMs":[96],"that":[97],"have":[98],"been":[99],"applied":[100],"performing":[102],"application":[106],"sensing":[111],"then":[113],"demonstrated":[114],"by":[115,129],"considering":[116],"it":[117],"binary":[120],"classification":[121],"problem.":[122],"An":[123],"MLP":[124],"its":[126],"hyperparameters":[127],"optimized":[128],"using":[130],"Grid":[131],"Search":[132],"algorithm":[133],"proposed":[135],"classify":[137],"dataset":[139],"consisting":[140],"RadioML":[142],"2018.01A":[143],"noise":[145],"samples":[146],"high":[148],"accuracy.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
