{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3026284479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","title":"A Survey of Image-Based Indoor Localization using Deep Learning","display_name":"A Survey of Image-Based Indoor Localization using Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3026284479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","mag":"3026284479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 22nd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017238550","display_name":"Xiaolan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-0267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69337369","display_name":"International Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r4nmf56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101037632","display_name":"May Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69337369","display_name":"International Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r4nmf56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024230729","display_name":"Neeli R. Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69337369","display_name":"International Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r4nmf56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeli Rashmi Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, International Technological University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69337369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005099916","display_name":"Albena Mihovska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albena Dimitrova Mihovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Herning, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Herning, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.8290396928787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7671274542808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7626972198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6656478643417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5999077558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5667970776557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4932062029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.45389318466186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3779352009296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3746523857116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07952260971069336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.8290396928787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7671274542808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626972198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6656478643417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5999077558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5667970776557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4932062029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.45389318466186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3779352009296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3746523857116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07952260971069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc48795.2019.9096144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 22nd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5657e3c8-3b44-4d4d-8cc4-3303dbb7b19a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/5657e3c8-3b44-4d4d-8cc4-3303dbb7b19a","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bai, X, Huang, M, Mihovska, A & Prasad, N R 2019, 'A Survey of Image-Based Indoor Localization using Deep Learning', Paper presented at International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications , Lisbon, Portugal, 24/11/2019 - 27/11/2019.","raw_type":"conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204268067","https://openalex.org/W1984309565","https://openalex.org/W2020890121","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2073761981","https://openalex.org/W2099353192","https://openalex.org/W2103924867","https://openalex.org/W2141362318","https://openalex.org/W2146881125","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2200124539","https://openalex.org/W2499468060","https://openalex.org/W2522940611","https://openalex.org/W2556455135","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2563153796","https://openalex.org/W2584731199","https://openalex.org/W2592936284","https://openalex.org/W2605111497","https://openalex.org/W2606794968","https://openalex.org/W2620629206","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2740418457","https://openalex.org/W2750632489","https://openalex.org/W2752709290","https://openalex.org/W2774974733","https://openalex.org/W2779522084","https://openalex.org/W2795645133","https://openalex.org/W2798302276","https://openalex.org/W2798483995","https://openalex.org/W2802865601","https://openalex.org/W2830339951","https://openalex.org/W2883923125","https://openalex.org/W2887825894","https://openalex.org/W2892805284","https://openalex.org/W2892865870","https://openalex.org/W2898255154","https://openalex.org/W2909431709","https://openalex.org/W2922243907","https://openalex.org/W2922374969","https://openalex.org/W2939995398","https://openalex.org/W2949534445","https://openalex.org/W2951019013","https://openalex.org/W2962799344","https://openalex.org/W2963095856","https://openalex.org/W2963210849","https://openalex.org/W2963243246","https://openalex.org/W2963493651","https://openalex.org/W2963583471","https://openalex.org/W2963706662","https://openalex.org/W2963730218","https://openalex.org/W2963765142","https://openalex.org/W2963856988","https://openalex.org/W2963958551","https://openalex.org/W2964141169","https://openalex.org/W2964175348","https://openalex.org/W2969313387","https://openalex.org/W3099342433","https://openalex.org/W6677749650","https://openalex.org/W6731235593","https://openalex.org/W6753718150","https://openalex.org/W6766332956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123263858","https://openalex.org/W3127959533","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4387967917","https://openalex.org/W3037187668","https://openalex.org/W4387968151","https://openalex.org/W4386925306","https://openalex.org/W3132124459","https://openalex.org/W2946083937","https://openalex.org/W3101088080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,18],"deep":[3,27],"learning":[4,28],"has":[5],"rapidly":[6],"updated":[7],"image-based":[8,24],"localization":[9,25],"techniques.":[10],"This":[11],"paper":[12,94,99],"presents":[13],"a":[14],"review":[15],"and":[16,40,63,69,105,109],"comparison":[17],"the":[19,30,44,52,54,98,112],"current":[20],"state-of-the-art":[21],"methods":[22,55,104],"for":[23,116],"using":[26],"in":[29,79,92,102],"indoor":[31,117],"environment.":[32],"Traditional":[33],"Global":[34],"Structure":[35],"from":[36,43],"Motion":[37],"(SfM)":[38],"pipeline":[39,42],"learning-based":[41],"recent":[45],"techniques":[46,84],"have":[47,88],"been":[48,89],"analyzed.":[49],"Based":[50],"on":[51],"pipeline,":[53],"are":[56,77],"categorized":[57],"into":[58],"three":[59],"groups:":[60],"learned":[61,65,70,107],"features":[62,108],"matching,":[64],"relative":[66],"pose":[67,72],"estimation,":[68],"absolute":[71],"estimation.":[73],"Since":[74],"multiple":[75],"sensors":[76],"used":[78],"many":[80],"applications,":[81],"sensor":[82],"fusion":[83],"including":[85],"image":[86],"information,":[87],"briefly":[90],"reviewed":[91],"this":[93],"as":[95],"well.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"discusses":[100],"challenges":[101],"these":[103],"concludes":[106],"matching":[110],"is":[111],"more":[113],"competitive":[114],"method":[115],"localization.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}