{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153061086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","title":"An empirical study on using stereotypes to improve understanding of UML models","display_name":"An empirical study on using stereotypes to improve understanding of UML models","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153061086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","mag":"2153061086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 12th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028630744","display_name":"Ludwik Ku\u017aniarz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Kuzniarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074020697","display_name":"Miroslaw Staron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Staron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037810527","display_name":"Claes Wohlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Wohlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Ronneby, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028630744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97384428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"14","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12601","display_name":"Web Applications and Data Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.8378437757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7908039093017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6449028253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-uml","display_name":"Applications of UML","score":0.5469359755516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5211853384971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5135200619697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.49576911330223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4771299362182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-constraint-language","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","score":0.44459280371665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.41520100831985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39279961585998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37941229343414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3287425935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.305103600025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.29011160135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15639057755470276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.8378437757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7908039093017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6449028253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.5469359755516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5211853384971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5135200619697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.49576911330223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4771299362182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133264317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397689","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","level":5,"score":0.44459280371665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41520100831985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39279961585998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37941229343414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3287425935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.305103600025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.29011160135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15639057755470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpc.2004.1311043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 12th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.710.2705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.710.2705","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wohlin.eu/iwpc04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34709655","https://openalex.org/W199741985","https://openalex.org/W1498369759","https://openalex.org/W1505910223","https://openalex.org/W1518586892","https://openalex.org/W1566246617","https://openalex.org/W1783768447","https://openalex.org/W1804021289","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2008422708","https://openalex.org/W2102406246","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W6629830896","https://openalex.org/W6652569812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511392673","https://openalex.org/W2374264231","https://openalex.org/W2103939680","https://openalex.org/W2734275018","https://openalex.org/W2360255973","https://openalex.org/W3119629122","https://openalex.org/W1547005657","https://openalex.org/W2022543176","https://openalex.org/W38476437","https://openalex.org/W2350597161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stereotypes":[0],"were":[1],"introduced":[2],"into":[3],"the":[4,63,68,79,83,91,94,114,117],"Unified":[5],"Modeling":[6],"Language":[7],"(UML)":[8],"to":[9,34],"provide":[10],"means":[11],"of":[12,31,60,65,78,85,90,110,116],"customizing":[13],"this":[14,58],"visual,":[15],"general":[16],"purpose,":[17],"object-oriented":[18],"modeling":[19],"language,":[20],"for":[21,101],"its":[22],"usage":[23],"in":[24,82,108],"specific":[25,42],"application":[26],"domains.":[27],"The":[28,54,88],"primary":[29],"purpose":[30],"stereotypes":[32,46,61,97],"is":[33],"brand":[35],"an":[36],"existing":[37],"model":[38,86],"element":[39],"with":[40,98],"a":[41,72,105],"semantics.":[43],"In":[44],"addition,":[45],"can":[47],"also":[48],"be":[49],"used":[50],"as":[51],"notational":[52],"shorthand.":[53],"paper":[55],"elaborates":[56],"on":[57],"role":[59,69,80,107],"from":[62],"perspective":[64],"UML,":[66],"clarifies":[67],"and":[70,112],"describes":[71],"controlled":[73],"experiment":[74,92],"aimed":[75],"at":[76],"evaluation":[77],"-":[81],"context":[84],"understanding.":[87],"results":[89],"support":[93],"claim":[95],"that":[96],"graphical":[99],"icons":[100],"their":[102],"representation":[103],"play":[104],"significant":[106],"comprehension":[109],"models":[111],"show":[113],"size":[115],"improvement.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}