{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153726799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/words.2003.1218078","title":"A framework for scalable analysis and design of system-wide graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems","display_name":"A framework for scalable analysis and design of system-wide graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153726799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/words.2003.1218078","mag":"2153726799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/words.2003.1218078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/words.2003.1218078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Framework_for_Scalable_Analysis_and_Design_of_System-wide_Graceful_Degradation_in_Distributed_Embedded_Systems/6620654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113507166","display_name":"Charles Shelton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.P. Shelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036158209","display_name":"Philip Koopman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Koopman","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053144594","display_name":"William Nace","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Nace","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113507166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93773597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"156","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7710201740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.7045416235923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6884233951568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5591816902160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.44161444902420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40111586451530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32673007249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13437286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.05937543511390686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7710201740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7045416235923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6884233951568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5591816902160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.44161444902420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40111586451530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32673007249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13437286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.05937543511390686}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/words.2003.1218078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/words.2003.1218078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, 2003. (WORDS 2003).","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:isr-1680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1680&context=isr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Institute for Software Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.1184/r1/6620654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.1693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.1693","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/roses/words03/words03.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6620654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Framework_for_Scalable_Analysis_and_Design_of_System-wide_Graceful_Degradation_in_Distributed_Embedded_Systems/6620654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.1184/r1/6620654.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6620654.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050927","display_name":"KiltHub Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6620654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Framework_for_Scalable_Analysis_and_Design_of_System-wide_Graceful_Degradation_in_Distributed_Embedded_Systems/6620654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43876764","https://openalex.org/W1573649504","https://openalex.org/W1863682313","https://openalex.org/W1878571511","https://openalex.org/W1986808060","https://openalex.org/W2101153553","https://openalex.org/W2165439624","https://openalex.org/W2170000846","https://openalex.org/W6639452128","https://openalex.org/W6944035560","https://openalex.org/W7042075654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2064720525","https://openalex.org/W1855495706","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W2111125783","https://openalex.org/W2090864875","https://openalex.org/W1788737569","https://openalex.org/W2027487876","https://openalex.org/W1577483158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,18,71,92,120,137],"present":[1],"a":[2,32,48,68,97,110,126,167],"framework":[3,143],"that":[4,28,101,130,165],"will":[5],"enable":[6],"scalable":[7],"analysis":[8],"and":[9,41],"design":[10],"of":[11,24,35,58,76,83,99,128,141],"graceful":[12,20],"degradation":[13,21],"in":[14,22],"distributed":[15],"embedded":[16],"systems.":[17],"define":[19],"terms":[23],"utility.":[25,136],"A":[26],"system":[27,36,49,85,124,135,159],"gracefully":[29,51,171],"degrades":[30],"suffers":[31],"proportional":[33],"loss":[34],"utility":[37,112],"as":[38,96,125],"individual":[39],"software":[40],"hardware":[42],"components":[43,89,100,104,115],"fail.":[44],"However,":[45],"explicitly":[46],"designing":[47],"to":[50,87,133,147,170],"degrade;":[52],"i.e.":[53],"handle":[54],"all":[55],"possible":[56],"combinations":[57,78],"component":[59,77],"failures,":[60],"becomes":[61],"impractical":[62],"for":[63],"systems":[64],"with":[65],"more":[66],"than":[67],"few":[69],"components.":[70],"avoid":[72],"this":[73,154],"exponential":[74],"complexity":[75],"by":[79,144,161],"exploiting":[80],"the":[81,84,123,139,158],"structure":[82],"architecture":[86],"partition":[88],"into":[90],"subsystems.":[91],"view":[93,122],"each":[94,131],"subsystem":[95],"configuration":[98],"changes":[102,113],"when":[103,114],"are":[105,118],"removed":[106],"or":[107,117],"added.":[108],"Thus,":[109],"subsystem's":[111],"fail":[116],"repaired.":[119],"then":[121],"composition":[127],"subsystems":[129],"contribute":[132],"overall":[134],"demonstrate":[138],"scalability":[140],"our":[142],"applying":[145],"it":[146],"an":[148],"example":[149],"automobile":[150],"navigation":[151],"system.":[152],"Using":[153],"framework,":[155],"we":[156],"improve":[157],"dependability":[160],"identifying":[162],"architectural":[163],"properties":[164],"enhance":[166],"system's":[168],"ability":[169],"degrade.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-11T08:15:01.531666","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
