{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2439598549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","title":"On two-way observer and its application to the verification of infinite-step and K-step opacity","display_name":"On two-way observer and its application to the verification of infinite-step and K-step opacity","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2439598549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","mag":"2439598549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 13th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems (WODES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034304769","display_name":"Xiang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-1570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027585653","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Lafortune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Lafortune","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67311666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"361","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.9782650470733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.7303820848464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5780993103981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5774595141410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4177306890487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3718046247959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34230250120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07578256726264954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.9782650470733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7303820848464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5780993103981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5774595141410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4177306890487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3718046247959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34230250120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07578256726264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wodes.2016.7497873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 13th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems (WODES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562284768","https://openalex.org/W1575632017","https://openalex.org/W1587663028","https://openalex.org/W1976202267","https://openalex.org/W1977805032","https://openalex.org/W1985508025","https://openalex.org/W1992896862","https://openalex.org/W2001653139","https://openalex.org/W2004398490","https://openalex.org/W2008737885","https://openalex.org/W2031373068","https://openalex.org/W2037457229","https://openalex.org/W2040603575","https://openalex.org/W2052227055","https://openalex.org/W2061598829","https://openalex.org/W2064886960","https://openalex.org/W2086081604","https://openalex.org/W2090930915","https://openalex.org/W2142367687","https://openalex.org/W2146852848","https://openalex.org/W2148114786","https://openalex.org/W2162000948","https://openalex.org/W2292623133","https://openalex.org/W2342445930","https://openalex.org/W2509841691","https://openalex.org/W2912987268","https://openalex.org/W6644156369","https://openalex.org/W6648432345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161791806","https://openalex.org/W2073474947","https://openalex.org/W4366824690","https://openalex.org/W2613656770","https://openalex.org/W2482431380","https://openalex.org/W2082077321","https://openalex.org/W2053059436","https://openalex.org/W4313201885","https://openalex.org/W2401696997","https://openalex.org/W4243546976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,59,110],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,5,30,38,70,83,90,98,104,113,122,126],"verification":[3,76,99,105,115],"of":[4,7,100,106],"properties":[6],"infinite-step":[8,24,101],"opacity":[9,12,75,102],"and":[10,103],"K-step":[11,27,107],"for":[13,35,45,65,97],"partially-observed":[14],"discrete":[15],"event":[16],"systems.":[17],"A":[18,78],"system":[19,39],"is":[20,86],"said":[21],"to":[22,55],"be":[23],"opaque":[25],"(respectively,":[26,51],"opaque)":[28],"if":[29],"intruder":[31],"can":[32],"never":[33],"determine":[34],"sure":[36],"that":[37,56,112],"was":[40],"in":[41,73,125],"a":[42,61],"secret":[43],"state":[44,66],"any":[46],"instant":[47],"within":[48],"infinite":[49],"steps":[50],"K":[52],"steps)":[53],"prior":[54],"particular":[57],"instant.":[58],"derive":[60],"new":[62,79,95],"separation":[63],"principle":[64],"estimates":[67],"which":[68],"characterizes":[69],"information":[71,80],"dependence":[72],"this":[74],"problem.":[77],"structure":[81],"called":[82],"two-way":[84,91],"observer":[85],"proposed.":[87],"Based":[88],"on":[89],"observer,":[92],"we":[93],"provide":[94],"algorithms":[96,116,124],"opacity,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"show":[111],"proposed":[114],"have":[117],"lower":[118],"computational":[119],"complexity":[120],"than":[121],"known":[123],"literature.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}