{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211608065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","title":"Performance of Fully Digital Zero-Forcing Precoding in mmWave Massive MIMO-NOMA with Antenna Reduction","display_name":"Performance of Fully Digital Zero-Forcing Precoding in mmWave Massive MIMO-NOMA with Antenna Reduction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211608065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","mag":"3211608065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 30th Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051485341","display_name":"Nouran Arafat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nouran Arafat","raw_affiliation_strings":["German University in Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German University in Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077801678","display_name":"Ahmed El\u2010Mahdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed El-Mahdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["German University in Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German University in Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051485341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64651507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9115885496139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7020963430404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.687896192073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6825251579284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.566652774810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5483373999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5285319685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4720614552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.43184810876846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.42338141798973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.24706178903579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23281705379486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1894228160381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15252500772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14710447192192078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9115885496139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7020963430404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.687896192073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6825251579284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.566652774810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5483373999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5285319685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4720614552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.43184810876846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.42338141798973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.24706178903579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23281705379486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1894228160381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15252500772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14710447192192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc53213.2021.9603133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 30th Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1855653084","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2476215184","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2773612525","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2890609471","https://openalex.org/W2963182751","https://openalex.org/W2965716521","https://openalex.org/W2999551807","https://openalex.org/W3106282754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200428847","https://openalex.org/W3116618050","https://openalex.org/W4299686628","https://openalex.org/W2074474331","https://openalex.org/W2545392450","https://openalex.org/W2950874241","https://openalex.org/W3041188988","https://openalex.org/W2030623687","https://openalex.org/W2145414618","https://openalex.org/W4210847162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"digital":[1,19,59],"precoding":[2],"has":[3,145],"superior":[4,146],"performance":[5,123,147],"for":[6],"millimeter":[7],"wave":[8],"(mmWave)":[9],"multiple":[10,13,39],"input":[11],"and":[12,35,69,81,111,135],"output":[14],"(MIMO)":[15],"system.":[16],"In":[17,52],"fully":[18,58],"precoding,":[20],"each":[21,120],"antenna":[22,93],"is":[23,42,100,128],"connected":[24],"to":[25],"one":[26,43],"RF":[27,86],"chain":[28],"which":[29,103],"results":[30,139],"in":[31,48,102,113,130,148,159],"high":[32,36],"hardware":[33,67],"complexity":[34,68],"cost.":[37],"Non-orthogonal":[38],"access":[40],"(NOMA)":[41],"of":[44,79,85,124,132,150,156],"the":[45,77,83,125,142,154],"promising":[46],"techniques":[47],"future":[49],"mobile":[50],"communication.":[51],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"a":[57,65,90,97],"mmWave":[60],"massive":[61],"MIMO":[62],"system":[63,75,127,144],"with":[64,119],"reduced":[66,70],"energy":[71,133,151],"consumption.":[72],"The":[73,122],"proposed":[74,101,126,143],"reduces":[76],"number":[78,84],"antennas":[80],"consequently":[82],"chains":[87],"by":[88],"applying":[89],"three":[91],"stages":[92],"reduction":[94],"algorithm.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"clustering":[98],"algorithm":[99],"users":[104,112],"within":[105],"same":[106],"group":[107],"are":[108],"highly":[109],"correlated,":[110],"different":[114],"groups":[115],"have":[116],"low":[117],"correlation":[118],"other.":[121],"evaluated":[129],"terms":[131,149],"efficiency":[134,152],"spectral":[136,160],"efficiency.":[137,161],"Numerical":[138],"show":[140],"that":[141],"at":[153],"expense":[155],"slight":[157],"decrease":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}