{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2481029484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","title":"Composite thermally-induced focusing of a probe beam with Gaussian-distribution propagating through a cesium cell end-pumped by a LD","display_name":"Composite thermally-induced focusing of a probe beam with Gaussian-distribution propagating through a cesium cell end-pumped by a LD","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2481029484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","mag":"2481029484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 25th Wireless and Optical Communication Conference (WOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441462","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-9936"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110846021","display_name":"You Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-4978"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001010921","display_name":"Juhong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-0318"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101446358","display_name":"Ming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-7376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101936503","display_name":"Zhigang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-4176"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056859590","display_name":"Shunyan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103738522","display_name":"He Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024353201","display_name":"Fei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-4572"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangping Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016880636","display_name":"Guofei An","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofei An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747740","display_name":"Hongyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-8265"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018718822","display_name":"Jie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-2414"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61743415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-beam-quality","display_name":"Laser beam quality","score":0.7159731388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6655510663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annulus","display_name":"Annulus (botany)","score":0.6075342297554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m-squared","display_name":"M squared","score":0.5821150541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5186030864715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-parameter-product","display_name":"Beam parameter product","score":0.5119222402572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49753835797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-beam","display_name":"Gaussian beam","score":0.4601723551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4579876661300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-diameter","display_name":"Beam diameter","score":0.44839417934417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.35058683156967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23981481790542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-beams","display_name":"Laser beams","score":0.09269604086875916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115171683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493038","display_name":"Laser beam quality","level":4,"score":0.7159731388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6655510663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150936888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4769748","display_name":"Annulus (botany)","level":2,"score":0.6075342297554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173781883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850928","display_name":"M squared","level":5,"score":0.5821150541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5186030864715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100796255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180407","display_name":"Beam parameter product","level":5,"score":0.5119222402572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49753835797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778315978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944873","display_name":"Gaussian beam","level":3,"score":0.4601723551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4579876661300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119440689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876179","display_name":"Beam diameter","level":4,"score":0.44839417934417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.35058683156967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23981481790542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.09269604086875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wocc.2016.7506569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 25th Wireless and Optical Communication Conference (WOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W434405321","https://openalex.org/W1889179046","https://openalex.org/W1967431892","https://openalex.org/W1967817622","https://openalex.org/W1977379084","https://openalex.org/W1999338508","https://openalex.org/W2003837183","https://openalex.org/W2008163720","https://openalex.org/W2011524452","https://openalex.org/W2028562032","https://openalex.org/W2036851950","https://openalex.org/W2043339528","https://openalex.org/W2048604845","https://openalex.org/W2057853705","https://openalex.org/W2071692432","https://openalex.org/W2076505557","https://openalex.org/W2079224131","https://openalex.org/W2079943052","https://openalex.org/W2080951284","https://openalex.org/W2082774338","https://openalex.org/W2120573949","https://openalex.org/W2159259163","https://openalex.org/W4243513884","https://openalex.org/W6615160613","https://openalex.org/W6653341043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376963088","https://openalex.org/W2505517431","https://openalex.org/W2976126625","https://openalex.org/W2766149548","https://openalex.org/W2897958532","https://openalex.org/W2390999123","https://openalex.org/W4320803610","https://openalex.org/W1546810781","https://openalex.org/W1966760373","https://openalex.org/W2022094356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diode-pumped":[0],"alkali":[1],"lasers":[2],"(DPALs)":[3],"have":[4,168],"been":[5,169,178],"developed":[6],"in":[7,151,210],"the":[8,40,67,78,83,93,98,107,126,129,138,143,147,154,158,181,202,221,249],"recent":[9],"years":[10],"for":[11,172,214,225,236],"their":[12],"high":[13],"Stocks":[14],"efficiency,":[15],"good":[16],"beam":[17,131,160,188,196,229,250],"quality,":[18],"compact":[19],"size":[20],"and":[21,50,72,97],"near-infrared":[22],"emission":[23,56],"wavelengths.":[24],"Dividing":[25],"a":[26,63,87,114,121,133,185,194,207,226,237,253],"cylindrical":[27,32,104,212],"vapor":[28,89,109,139,166],"cell":[29,110,167],"into":[30],"many":[31],"annuli,":[33],"we":[34,91,119,200],"first":[35],"obtain":[36],"parameters":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"population":[41],"density":[42],"distributions,":[43],"transition":[44,51],"rates":[45,52],"of":[46,53,57,62,69,86,102,128,157,184,193,206,252],"pump":[47,174],"photon":[48,55],"absorption,":[49],"laser":[54,73],"every":[58],"annulus":[59,105,213],"by":[60,113],"use":[61],"mathematical":[64],"algorithm":[65,144],"combining":[66],"procedures":[68],"heat":[70],"transfer":[71],"kinetics":[74],"together.":[75],"After":[76],"exploring":[77],"radial":[79],"temperature":[80],"distribution":[81,136,239],"at":[82],"transverse":[84],"section":[85],"cesium":[88,108,165],"cell,":[90],"acquire":[92],"refractive":[94],"index":[95],"n":[96],"thermal-optic":[99],"coefficient":[100],"dn/dT":[101],"each":[103,211],"when":[106],"is":[111,218],"end-pumped":[112],"LD":[115],"module.":[116],"And":[117],"then,":[118],"undertake":[120],"ray-trace":[122],"theme":[123],"to":[124,247],"investigate":[125],"propagation":[127],"incident":[130],"with":[132,197],"perfect":[134],"Gaussian":[135],"inside":[137],"cell.":[140],"By":[141],"adopting":[142],"based":[145],"on":[146],"complex":[148],"self-consistency":[149],"analyses":[150],"lens-like":[152],"media,":[153],"intensity":[155,182],"distributions":[156,183],"probe":[159,187,195,228,240],"outputted":[161],"from":[162,191],"an":[163],"enclosed":[164],"systematically":[170],"evaluated":[171],"different":[173,190,215],"powers.":[175],"It":[176,217],"has":[177],"seen":[179],"that":[180,220],"Gaussian-distribution":[186,227],"are":[189,230],"those":[192,235],"flat-top-distribution.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"get":[201],"effective":[203],"focal":[204],"length":[205],"thermally-induced":[208,222],"lens":[209],"pumped-powers.":[216],"obvious":[219],"focusing":[223],"phenomena":[224],"much":[231],"more":[232],"serious":[233],"than":[234],"flat-top":[238],"beam.":[241],"These":[242],"results":[243],"will":[244],"be":[245],"helpful":[246],"improve":[248],"quality":[251],"high-powered":[254],"DPAL.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
