{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406894838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453","title":"Joint Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning for Spaceborne Spectrum Sensing","display_name":"Joint Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning for Spaceborne Spectrum Sensing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406894838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083481756","display_name":"Bisma Manzoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bisma Manzoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083386976","display_name":"Akram Al\u2010Hourani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-8626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Al-Hourani","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University,School of Engineering,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083481756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81943388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.8644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.8644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.8608999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13771","display_name":"Advanced Research in Science and Engineering","score":0.8456000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7594021558761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7195570468902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5904462337493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5563324689865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5170127153396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.42305412888526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3709425926208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3610617518424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13188105821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12322914600372314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7594021558761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195570468902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5904462337493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5563324689865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5170127153396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42305412888526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3709425926208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3610617518424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13188105821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12322914600372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wisee61249.2024.10850453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320972","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1624423949","https://openalex.org/W1971130674","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2114543235","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W2293605433","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2971778960","https://openalex.org/W2988251671","https://openalex.org/W3042919870","https://openalex.org/W3088404620","https://openalex.org/W3092006141","https://openalex.org/W3094822976","https://openalex.org/W3099436221","https://openalex.org/W3110722104","https://openalex.org/W3111272036","https://openalex.org/W3215401433","https://openalex.org/W4206653998","https://openalex.org/W4312845020","https://openalex.org/W4385688562","https://openalex.org/W4401070725","https://openalex.org/W4401899582","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6857825832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996130883","https://openalex.org/W2748574964","https://openalex.org/W3196155444","https://openalex.org/W4321844043","https://openalex.org/W3210156800","https://openalex.org/W4390062853","https://openalex.org/W4297883248","https://openalex.org/W4255830763","https://openalex.org/W1583266947","https://openalex.org/W4286799911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,32,92],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,37,50,77,129],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"applications":[5],"continue":[6],"to":[7,19,134],"expand,":[8],"the":[9,41,48,74,78,139,161,165,173],"increasing":[10],"traffic":[11],"in":[12],"frequency":[13,42],"spectrum":[14,20,43,65,88],"highlights":[15],"critical":[16],"challenges":[17],"related":[18],"utilization,":[21],"IoT":[22,38,136],"device":[23],"management,":[24],"and":[25,124,149],"potential":[26],"security":[27],"risk":[28],"from":[29,138],"undetected":[30],"devices.":[31,52],"such,":[33,93],"a":[34,97,108,118],"comprehensive":[35],"visibility":[36],"devices":[39],"across":[40],"is":[44],"essential,":[45],"especially":[46],"given":[47],"ubiquity":[49],"these":[51],"While":[53],"terrestrial":[54],"networks":[55],"provide":[56],"local":[57],"visibility,":[58],"broader":[59],"coverage":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"achieved":[63],"through":[64],"sensing":[66,89],"via":[67],"non-terrestrial":[68],"platforms,":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71,170],"satellites.":[72],"However,":[73],"complex":[75,109],"nature":[76],"satellite":[79,110],"radio":[80,104],"channel":[81],"introduces":[82],"additional":[83],"signal":[84],"losses,":[85],"making":[86],"traditional":[87,166],"techniques":[90],"inadequate.":[91],"this":[94],"work":[95],"presents":[96],"novel":[98],"methodology":[99],"for":[100],"detecting":[101],"low":[102,155],"power":[103],"frames":[105],"transmitted":[106],"over":[107],"channel.":[111],"We":[112],"implement":[113],"joint":[114],"machine":[115],"learning":[116],"comprising":[117],"supervised":[119],"Semantic":[120],"Segmentation":[121],"neural":[122],"network":[123],"unsupervised":[125],"Density-Based":[126],"Spatial":[127],"Clustering":[128],"Applications":[130],"with":[131],"Noise":[132],"(DBSCAN)":[133],"detect":[135],"packets":[137],"spectrogram":[140],"images.":[141],"The":[142],"proposed":[143,162],"method":[144,163],"achieves":[145],"92%":[146],"mean":[147,151],"accuracy":[148],"93%":[150],"Intersection-over-Union":[152],"(IoU)":[153],"at":[154],"Signal-to-Noise":[156],"Ratio":[157],"(SNR)":[158],"level.":[159],"Moreover,":[160],"outperforms":[164],"threshold":[167],"detection":[168],"methodologies":[169],"demonstrated":[171],"by":[172],"Receiver":[174],"Operating":[175],"Characteristics":[176],"(ROC).":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}